In many ways, the struggles adoptive families face in accessing adoption- competent mental health services mirror the challenges other families face in accessing competent mental health services. All families seeking mental health services for their children confront a patchwork of underfunded services and supports, guided by an often-bewildering mix of theories, philosophies, and treatment interventions. The vast majority of families – adoptive or otherwise – inevitably rely on publicly funded services or services available through private health insurance programs. Thus, they routinely face limitations in the availability, intensity, and duration of mental health services. The challenge of finding competent mental health services is even more complex when adoption-related issues are a component of mental health needs.