The Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA) significantly changed the way in which federally funded job training and employment services are accessed and funded. The new structure, designed to increase access to a broader array of services, has had an unintended consequence: a decline in the number of individuals who receive training under WIA. The number of adults exiting the program who received training was 17 percent lower in 2003 than in 1998, the last full year of WIA’s predecessor program, the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA).