This report is the latest in a set of NCES reports on young children’s nonparental care arrangements and educational program participation. It presents the most recent data available for children under the age of six, taken from the 2001 administration of the Early Childhood Program Participation Survey, National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES). Variation in participation rates by characteristics of children (age and race/ethnicity) and their families (household income and mother’s education and employment status), as well as by poverty status and geographic region or residence, are examined. Additionally, the report looks at how the child, family, and community characteristics are related to the time children spend in nonparental care each week and to the amount their families pay for care. It provides an in-depth examination of differences among children of different age groups and in different types of care.