Common Reactions to Sexual Assault

Reactions to a traumatic experience such as sexual assault vary from person to person. The following are examples of both physical and emotional reactions that a survivor might experience:

Physical Reactions:

• Aches and pains (i.e. headaches, backaches, stomach aches)
• Sudden sweating and/or heart palpitations
• Changes in sleep patterns, appetite, interest in sex
• Constipation or diarrhea
• Easily startled by noises or unexpected touch
• More susceptible to colds and illness

Emotional Reactions:

• Shock
• Disbelief
• Embarrassment
• Shame
• Guilt
• Depression
• Disorientation
• Denial
• Fear
• Anxiety
• Anger
• Social Withdrawal
• Self-blame
  
  • Concern for the rapist
  • Lack of concentration, resulting in academic difficulties

Tips for Friends, Partners, Family, and Loved Ones

• Listen and allow the survivor to speak at her/his own pace. Sexual assault is a crime about power and control, not sex. It is important to return the control that was taken away from the survivor by allowing her/him to reveal information and make decisions when she/he feels comfortable.
• Believe unconditionally. Only 2% of reported rapes are false reports. This is no different from any other crime. It is important to assure your friend that you support her/him.
• Don't questions actions. THE SURVIVOR IS NOT TO BLAME. A survivor's behavior does not cause sexual assault. No one asks to be sexually assaulted. Be careful of asking blaming questions such as "Why didn't you scream?" or What were you wearing?"
• Encourage the survivor to seek help. She/he may need medical attention or additional support services. Encourage the survivor to contact the Wellness Exchange at 212-443-9999 to speak with an advocate about options and for support.
• Don't ignore your own need to discuss your feelings. You can also contact the Wellness Exchange for information and support.