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Kevin Langergraber,1,2 John Mitani,1 Richard Wrangham,3 and Linda Vigilant2 1Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 2Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany, 3Department of Anthropology, Harvard University Abstract With the continued refinement of molecular genetic techniques for non-invasively collected samples, it has become increasingly common for field primatologists to investigate the kin relationships of their study subjects. However, researchers often uncritically accept the results of their kinship analyses, with no or only a very cursory examination of the power and reliability of their results. In this poster we compare the ability of several widely used statistical applications to identify second-degree relationships (e.g., half-siblings, grandparent-grandoffspring) in two communities of wild chimpanzees living in Kibale National Park, Uganda. As part of an ongoing study on the effect of genetic relatedness on social behavior in chimpanzees, 144 individuals were sequenced at mtDNA HVR-1 and genotyped at 44 autosomal, 13 X-linked, and 12 Y-linked microstellite loci. With this large data set, we were able to determine 69 second-degree relative dyads through paternity and maternity analyses. We report the rate of known false positives and negatives for each program in identifying these second-degree relationships. In addition, we examine the effect that using mtDNA and Y-chromosome data to exclude maternal and paternal relatives from estimates of population allele frequencies has on the results. We also consider how genotyping these uniparentally inherited genetic systems, in combination with X-linked loci, improves our ability to differentiate paternal and maternal relatives. |