STUDIES, TREATISES, UNION PUBLICATIONS, AND VOCATIONAL TEXTS, 1845 - 1970s

The following are many of the various historical reports, studies, political tracts, career guides, etc., on wage-earning women available on the shelves of Tamiment Library. The works included here range from mid-nineteenth century studies of female factory operatives and prostitutes, to WWII views of Rosie the Riveter, to documents from the women's liberation movement of the 1970s. Thanks to the investigations of social reformers and government officials in the Progressive Era and interwar years, there is particularly ample material detailing women's working conditions in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.

For convenience, titles are arranged alphabetically by author within the following time periods of original publication:
1845-1889 || 1890-1919 || 1920-1945 || Post-1945

HD6053 .C18 1970b Campbell, Helen. Prisoners of Poverty: Women Wage-Workers, Their Trades and Their Lives. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1970, ©1887. A study of several occupations in New York City of the 1880s.

HD6053 .P46 1971 Penny, Virginia. Think and Act. A Series of Articles Pertaining to Men and Women, Work and Wages. New York: Arno, 1971, ©1868. "Sober reflections on woman and her business interests," "with more bitter than sweet." A defense of women's wage-earning.
HD6058 .P28 1863 _____. The Employments of Women: A Cyclopaedia of Woman's Work. Boston: Walker, Wise & Co., 1863. Written to direct women from the few overcrowded types of "women's work" to other "respectable" employments. Describes around 500 fields in the arts, professions, business, manufacturing, service, etc.

HQ111 .S25 1858 Sanger, William W. The History of Prostitution: Its Extent, Causes, and Effects Throughout the World. (Being an Official Report to the Board of Alms-House Governors of the City of New York). New York: Harper & Brothers, 1858. Just under 700-page tome on sex work since Biblical times. Last 225 pages focus on New York City, including statistics, legislation, and varieties of brothels and workers.

HD6068 .S3 1845 Scoresby, Rev. William. American Factories and Their Female Operatives: With an Appeal on Behalf of the British Factory Population, and Suggestions for the Improvement of their Condition. Boston: William D. Ticknor and Co., 1845. Study of the Lowell Mill Girls as well-treated exemplars of respectability, with recommendations for similarly improving the lot of British female factory workers.

HD6096.B7 W8 1969 Wright, Carroll D., Chief of Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor. The Working Girls of Boston. New York: Arno, 1969, ©1889. Presents demographic overview of women's paid work in Boston in 1880. Describes occupations, low wages, and hardships of the impoverished.

HD6058 .D22 Zakrzewska, Marie E. A Practical Illustration of "Woman's Right to Labor"; Or, A Letter from Marie E. Zakrzewska. Ed. Caroline H. Dall. Boston: Walker, Wise, and Company, 1860. Recounts author's experience as an immigrant woman who successfully pursued medical training despite various obstacles.

HQ144 .A3 Addams, Jane. A New Conscience and an Ancient Evil. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1912. Famous reformer's take on "evil life" into which some young, wage-seeking women were drawn, based on investigations of Juvenile Protection Association of Chicago. (See also Chicago Vice Commission's more detailed study of prostitution in Chicago published in 1911, listed below.)

HD6053 .B4 Bennett, Helen M. Women and Work: The Economic Value of College Training. New York; London: D. Appleton, 1917. Examines the social/psychological as well as economic value of higher education for growing number of "college girls."

KF3555 .B7 1969 Brandeis, Louis D., and Josephine Goldmark. Women in Industry: Decision of the United States Supreme Court in Curt Muller vs. State of Oregon, Upholding the Constitutionality of the Oregon Ten Hour Law for Women and Brief for the State of Oregon. New York: Arno, 1969, ©1908. Documents from landmark case that upheld general principle of protective legislation for women workers based on their gender.

HD6053 .B85 Bullock, Edna Dean, ed. Selected Articles on the Employment of Women. Minneapolis: The H. W. Wilson Co., 1911. A brief bibliography and reprinted articles from popular and academic journals and government reports.

HD6070 .B8 Butler, Elizabeth Beardsley. Saleswomen in Mercantile Stores, Baltimore, 1909. New York: Charities Publication Committee, 1912. One of the important studies of women's work sponsored by the Russell Sage Foundation. Study of conditions, including wages, hours, training, and physical environment, in shops with seven or more saleswomen, based in part on author's field research.
HD8085.P6 P6 vol. 1 _____. Women and the Trades, Pittsburgh, 1907-1908. New York: Charities Publication Committee, 1909. Survey of conditions in Pittsburgh that portrays women's jobs as drudgerous and exploitative. Provides exceptional documentation of the technological and organizational changes transforming women's work in the early 1900s. Volume One of the landmark, six-volume Pittsburgh Survey, first attempt in US to study systematically life and labor in one industrial city.

HD8085.H6 P6 Byington, Margaret Frances. Homestead: The Households of a Mill Town. New York: Charities Publication Committee, 1910. Case study of ninety households of steel workers. Another volume from the landmark Pittsburgh Survey (see notation directly preceding).

HD6053 .C3 1893 Campbell, Helen. Women Wage-Earners: Their Past, Their Present, and Their Future. Boston: Roberts, 1893. General study of the topic, with historical background. Comparative discussion of conditions in Europe. Includes bibliographies.

HQ146.C4 V6 Chicago Vice Commission. The Social Evil in Chicago; a Study of Existing Conditions with Recommendations by the Vice Commission of Chicago. Chicago: Gunthorp-Warren Printing Company, 1911. Three hundred pages of text on prostitution, with another eighty-some pages of statutes, statistics, and exhibits. (See also Jane Addams' study of prostitution in Chicago published in 1912, listed above.)

HD6096.N6 C6 Clark, Sue Ainslie, and Edith Wyatt. Making Both Ends Meet: The Income and Outlay of New York Working Girls. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1911. Based on interviews with working women, describes their wages and often exploitative working conditions in several occupations. Concludes with call for scientific management as a possible solution.

HQ1381 .G64 Gilman, Charlotte (Perkins) Stetson. Women and Economics: A Study of the Economic Relation Between Men and Women as a Factor in Social Evolution. Boston: Small, Maynard & Co., 1898. Classic early text from a leading feminist intellectual analyzing and criticizing women's economic dependence upon men and the drudgery of domesticity. Proposes cooperative housework and child care to facilitate women's paid employment.

HD6079 .H51 Henry, Alice. The Trade Union Woman. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1915. History intended for a general audience of women's unionization attempts since the colonial period. Discusses immigrant women, meaning of marriage, strike strategies, and tensions regarding using the ballot vs. unions to win better conditions.

M1 .T158 folder 36 Hill, Joe. The Rebel Girl. Words & Music by Joe Hill. Ithaca, NY: Glad Day Press, 1940, ©1915. "All Rights Owned by the Industrial Workers of the World." Music and lyrics to Hill's famous tribute to fellow Wobbly and "Rebel Girl" Elizabeth Gurley Flynn. Includes cover illustration by Arthur Machia.

HD6061 .H92 1968 Hutchinson, Emilie Josephine. Women's Wages: A Study of the Wages of Industrial Women and Measures Suggested to Increase Them. New York: AMS Press, 1968, ©1919. Detailed analysis of wage data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and of cost of living for women. Discusses effects of WWI on women's pay nationally, as compared to men's. Recommends minimum wage legislation, unionization, and vocational education.

HD6095 .K7 Knoeppel, Charles Edward. Women in Industry. New York: C. E. Knoeppel & Co., 1918. Text of an address, based on survey, to industrial engineers on the problems and prospects for mobilizing "woman power" in World War I.

HD6081 .L3 Lattimore, Eleanor L., and Ray S. Trent. Legal Recognition of Industrial Women. New York: Industrial Committee, War Work Council of the National Board of Young Women's Christian Associations, 1919. Over eighty-page booklet on the "problem" of "woman labor" and possible legal remedies.

HD6095 .M23 MacLean, Annie. Wage-Earning Women. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1910. Study sponsored by the YWCA. Compares rural and urban work in several geographical areas; urges national reforms and more leisure for particularly overworked factory girls.
HD6053 .M21 _____. Women Workers and Society. Chicago: A.C. McClurg & Co., 1916. One hundred thirty-page overview of the "eight million women who labor outside the home" and how society treats them.

HD6058 .M22 Martin, Eleanor, and Margaret A. Post. Vocations for the Trained Woman; Agriculture, Social Service, Secretarial Service, Business of Real Estate. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1914. Review, with statistics, based generally on case studies of conditions in New England.

H31 .C2 Matthews, Lillian Ruth. Women in Trade Unions in San Francisco. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1913. One hundred-page economics Ph.D. thesis.

HQ1381 .M3 McMahon, Theresa Schmid. "Women and Economic Evolution; or, The Effects of Industrial Changes Upon the Status of Women." Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1912. One hundred thirty-page thesis on the impact of industrialization upon: working- and middle-class households, women of leisure and professionals, marriage, birth and divorce rates, and women's political rights.

HQ1419 .M6 Meyer, Annie Nathan, ed. Woman's Work in America. Intro. by Julia Ward Howe. New York: H. Holt and Company, 1891. Collection of essays, some by well-known reformers and activists, emphasizing women's occupational progress, particularly in the professions, education, and philanthropic work.

HQ798 .N3 National Federation of Settlements and Neighborhood Centers. Young Working Girls: A Summary of Evidence from Two Thousand Social Workers. Edited for the National Federation of Settlements by Robert A. Woods and Albert J. Kennedy, its secretaries, with an intro. by Jane Addams. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1913. Investigation of home lives, leisure, and working conditions of 14 to 18 year-old female tenement dwellers in unskilled jobs. Survey questions used reprinted in appendices.

HQ117 .N5 New York Committee of Fifteen, 1900. The Social Evil, with Special Reference to Conditions Existing in the City of New York; a Report Prepared under the Direction of the Committee of Fifteen. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1902. Just under 200-page survey of sex work, with detailed consideration of regulation schemes enacted in Europe and proposed for New York.

HD8053.N7 A5 1912 New York State Factory Investigating Commission. Preliminary Report of the Factory Investigating Commission, 1912 ... Transmitted to the Legislature March 1, 1912. Albany: The Argus Company, 1912. 3 vols. In addition to testimony and other supporting documents of possible interest, includes "Women Workers in Factories in New York State," by Violet Pike.

HD6096.N6 P4 Packard, Esther. A Study of Living Conditions of Self-Supporting Women in New York City. New York: Metropolitan Board of the Young Women's Christian Association, 1915. Survey of policies and conditions in non-commercial boarding houses and the needs of single working women living in them, vs. living conditions for single women elsewhere (furnished rooms, apartments, boarding with families).

HD6058 .R6 Richardson, Anna Steese (Sausser). The Girl Who Earns Her Own Living. New York: B.W. Dodge & Co., 1909. An over 280-page guide written for school girls to answer the question, "How shall I earn my living?" A broad range of clerical, service, professional, and cultural occupations are covered individually in almost twenty chapters.

HD6061 .R8 Russell, Thomas Herbert. The Girl's Fight for a Living: How to Protect Working Women from Dangers Due to Low Wages. Chicago: M. A. Donohue & Co., 1913. Presents findings of State Senate of Illinois's investigation of "white slave traffic" (prostitution). Calls for living wage for women workers.

HD6072 .S23 Salmon, Lucy Maynard. Domestic Service, 2d ed. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1901. Over three hundred-page study, with historical background, of domestic service. Based on survey responses from over 1,000 employers and over 700 employees. Includes recommendations for improving situation for servant and mistress.

LB2843.W7 S7 Strachan, Grace Charlotte. Equal Pay for Equal Work: The Story of the Struggle for Justice Being Made by the Women Teachers of the City of New York. New York: B. F. Buck & Co., 1910. Account of teacher activism, by a leader who opposed unionization.

HD6073.A72 U65 Van Kleeck, Mary. Artificial Flower Makers. New York: Survey Associates, Inc., 1913. Investigation of industry in New York City that relied on seasonal labor, child labor, and home work. Based on worker surveys.
HD6073.M5 U7 _____. A Seasonal Industry: A Study of the Millinery Trade in New York. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1917. A look at low wages and routine unemployment in this industry. Suggests regulation with minimum wage legislation.
HD6073.B62 U7 _____. Women in the Bookbinding Trade. New York: Survey Associates, Inc., 1913. Study of trade employing many women in New York City, including diverse skill levels and competition between handwork and machine production. Discusses poor conditions (night work, health threats) and unionization. Includes appendix with educational characteristics and hours of work for 4,519 working women in New York City.

HD6008 .V2 Van Vorst, Bessie, and Marie Van Vorst. The Woman Who Toils; Being the Experiences of Two Ladies as Factory Girls. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1903. Anecdotal look at plight of women wage-earners, by two ladies who headed to the factory themselves. Bessie worked in a Pittsburgh factory, New York mill town, and Chicago garment shop; Marie worked in the Lynn, Mass., shoe industry and a Southern mill village.

HD6058 .A37 Adams, Elizabeth Kemper. Women Professional Workers, A Study Made for the Women's Educational and Industrial Union. Chautauqua, NY: The Chautauqua Press, 1921. Three hundred fifty-page review of changing understandings of the category of "professionals" and women's growing but unequal place in a diverse range of traditional and newer professions.

HD6073 .C62 U53 1931 Allen, Ruth. The Labor of Women in the Production of Cotton. The University of Texas Bulletin, No. 3134: September 8, 1931. Austin: University of Texas, 1931. Over two hundred-fifty page comparative analysis of the "American Woman" (i.e. white), the "Negro woman," and the "Mexican Woman" in cotton production, with statistical tables and illustrations.

HD6515.C5 B7 1935 Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America. Bread and Roses: The Story of the Rise of the Shirtworkers: Two Eventful Years, 1933-1934. New York: ACWA, 1935. Over sixty-page booklet, with many photographs, chronicling shirtworkers' battle to organize and win wage increases. Concludes with brief essays on world history, US economy and labor's historic role in it, and provides a glossary of "Labor vocabulary."

HD6083.U6 N7 1925a Baker, Elizabeth. Protective Labor Legislation, with Special Reference to Women in the State of New York. New York: Columbia University, 1925. Detailed (over 460 pages) academic review of labor legislation in national context and in New York State.

HQ1381 .B87 Branch, Mary Sydney. Women and Wealth: A Study of the Economic Status of American Women. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1934. Attempt by economist to measure financial power of women, which she concluded was far greater than most American men or women understood.

HD6515.C6 C43 Carsel, Wilfred. A History of the Chicago Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. Chicago: Normandie House, 1940. An official history written for members, covering garment industry history and early unionization attempts, and the establishment and growth of ILGWU to 1940. Includes appendices charting organizational staff history, bibliography, and glossary.

HD6073.W3 D6 Donovan, Frances R. The Woman Who Waits. Boston: R. G. Badger, 1920. "An intimate, personal, and realistic account of the life of a waitress" in Chicago, based on author's nine-month stint as a server.

HD6096.N6 F6 Four Years in the Underbrush; Adventures as a Working Woman in New York. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1921. Account of anonymous author's time spent in twenty-five different occupations (service, clerical, and industrial), initially to research a novel about a working girl. Offers a middle-class woman's take on the "world of the unskilled working woman of New York City," before, during, and after World War I.

HD6068 .H3 Hawes, Elizabeth. Why Women Cry; Or, Wenches with Wrenches. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, Inc., 1943. Lively account and indictment of women's double burden at home and work, made worse for many women by wartime industrial mobilization. Based on experiences of author, a leftist activist and journalist and fashion designer who took a night-shift job in wartime aircraft production.

HD6079 .h38 Henry, Alice. Women and the Labor Movement. New York: George H. Doran Company, 1923. Popular historical account of industrial system and women in it and their organizing efforts, by one-time Secretary of the National Women's Trade Union League. Points of focus include Women's Bureau of the U.S. Department of Labor, World War I, and "minority" and immigrant women.

HD6093 .H5 1929 Hill, Joseph Adna. Women in Gainful Occupations, 1870 to 1920. United States Bureau of the Census, Census monographs; IX. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1929. Detailed analysis of census data for changing patterns of women's work force participation in early 20th century. Looks at geographical, racial/ethnic, and occupational differences.

HD6095 .H8 Hutchins, Grace. Women Who Work. New York: International Publishers, 1934. Discusses women, strikes, and the labor movement. Critical of the American Federation of Labor and of "petit bourgeois" women groups, like the Women's Trade Union League. Looks at the Women's Trade Union Unity League.

HQ1206 .I6 Inman, Mary. In Woman's Defense. Los Angeles: The Committee to Organize the Advancement of Women, 1940. Far-ranging leftist critique of women's economic exploitation, and call for closer cooperation between woman and trade unions.
HX546 .I6 _____. Woman-Power. Los Angeles: The Committee to Organize the Advancement of Women, 1942. Discusses debates over mobilization of "woman-power" in war production, and how to ease the problems created by double burden to help women and families while defeating fascism.

M1 .T158 folder 32 International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. Everybody Sings. New York: Education Department, ILGWU, 1942. Official songbook with fifty-five selections. Expanded, revised (and more explicitly patriotic) replacement of Let's Sing (see below).
M1 .T158 folder 32 _____. Labor Sings. New York: Educational Dept., International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, 1940. Collection of thirty-eight song lyrics presented to delegates at the 40th anniversary of the ILGWU in 1940 by New York City locals.
M1 .T158 folder 32 _____. Let's Sing. 2nd ed. New York: Education Department, ILGWU, n.d. [©1935]. Official pre-WWII songbook of the garment union, with lyrics for forty-three tunes.

HD6053 .L8 Lobsenz, Johanna. The Older Woman in Industry. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1929. New York City-based study of problems encountered by fifty-five-plus year-old women in industrial, clerical, and domestic service work. Discusses women's attitudes, economic conditions, and labor legislation.

HD6515.G3 L6 Lorwin, Lewis (pseud.). The Women's Garment Workers. New York: B. W. Huebsch, Inc., 1924. Over six hundred-page history of garment work since 1789 and development of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union. Includes statistical appendices.

HD6083.U6 N72 1941 Marconnier, Emily Sims. Women Who Work in New York. New York: New York State Department of Labor, 1941. Booklet that reviews history of working women in New York State from circa 1900 to 1940 and development of protective labor legislation.

HD6095 .P3 Parker, Cornelia. Working With the Working Woman. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1922. Based on author's experiences in a variety of jobs. Parker aspires to provide an impressionistic, but more balanced view of workers' own sense of the meaning of their labor, vs. dry, pessimistic academic assessments of the labor "problem."

HD6053 .P7 Pruette, Lorine. Women and Leisure, A Study of Social Waste. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1924. An assessment of the "wastage of woman power" with the increased leisure brought by industrialization.

HD6096.N6 A63 Pruette, Lorine, and Iva Lowthers, eds. Women Workers Through the Depression: A Study of White Collar Employment Made by the American Woman's Association. New York: Macmillan, 1934. Based on survey of members of the American Woman's Association, a group of around 4,000 women, mostly in business and professions. Shows that white-collar women fared better than their male counterparts, but still suffered insecurity and possible job loss. Considers factors like age, and compares conditions with five years earlier.

HD6079 .W86 Wolfson, Theresa. The Woman Worker and the Trade Unions. New York: International Publishers, 1926. Socialist feminist analysis of the factors inhibiting women workers' organization in the 19th and early 20th century.

HD6055 .C27 Cain, Glen George. Married Women in the Labor Force. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966. Economist's statistical analysis. Compares white and African-American wives' patterns of work force participation.

HD6515.C6 G56 1970 Crone, Harry. 35 Northeast: A Short History of the Northeast Department, International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, AFL-CIO: Based on the Reminiscences and Diaries of David Gingold and Official ILGWU Records. New York: Northeast Dept., International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, 1970. Official, 180-page illustrated narrative history of the ILGWU division.

HD6053 .E33 1973 Edelman, Judy. Women on the Job: The Communist View. New York: New Outlook Publishers, 1973. Fifty-plus-page pamphlet presents views of the National Women's Commission of the Communist Party USA on women's exploitation in the workforce, in terms of race, gender, and class, and history of working-class women's and women of color's struggles.

HX546 .H637 1974 Hoddersen, Guerry. Radical Women in the House of Labor: An Historic Re-entry: President's Report to Radical Women Annual Conference, July 1974. Seattle: Radical Women Publications, 1974. Publication for 7th anniversary of Radical Women, the "oldest socialist feminist organization" in the US in 1974, on upsurge in cooperation between feminists and the labor movement.

HD6095 .H68 1977 Howe, Louise Kapp. Pink Collar Workers: Inside the World of Women's Work. New York: Putnam, 1977. Based on journalist-author's field observations, explores women's labor and work culture in sales, waitressing, office work, beauty shops, and homemaking. Places them in broader context of discriminatory definitions of "women's work" and wages.

HD6059.G7 I5 International Labour Office. The War and Women's Employment: The Experience of the United Kingdom and the United States. Montreal: ILO, 1946. Detailed review of demographics, government policies, working conditions, and other topics concerning women's work in many fields (industrial, agricultural, professional, military, e.g.).

HD6079.N5 K3 Kaufman, Grace C. A Case Study of the New York Women's Trade Union League. Senior thesis, Bard College, 1949. Organizational history of an important cross-class reform organization that garnered little attention before the upsurge of women's history in the 1970s.

HQ1426 .M35 1978 Martin, Gloria. Socialist Feminism: The First Decade, 1966-76. Seattle: Freedom Socialist Publications, 1978. An over 160-page history of the policies and actions of the Freedom Socialist Party (an offshoot of the Socialist Workers Party) to commemorate its tenth anniversary. Includes discussion of feminism in the labor movement and organizations like CLUW and Union WAGE.

HQ144 .M8 Murtagh, John M, and Sara Harris. Cast the First Stone. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1957. Attempt to provide an "honest" account of the "blatant degradations" of "the weird world of prostitution," co-authored by a Chief Magistrate of New York City.

HQ798 .N3 National Manpower Council. Womanpower; A Statement, with Chapters by the Council Staff. New York: Columbia University Press, 1957.

HD8039.M39 O26 1973 O'Connor, Lynn, Walter Russell, and Pat Mialocq. The Office Workers' Manifesto. New York: Freeway Press, 1973. Searing indictment of clerical workers' exploitation by their bosses as well as their supposed allies and representatives in the New Left, women's movement, and liberal establishment. Advocates takeover of economy by secretaries whose labor enables it to operate.

HD6095 .O64 Oppenheimer, Valerie Kincade. The Female Labor Force in the United States; Demographic and Economic Factors Governing its Growth and Changing Composition. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1970. Statistically rich analysis of women's participation in changing but persistently unequal labor markets over the 20th century.

HQ1419 .R3 1959 Rainwater, Lee, Richard P. Coleman, and Gerald Handel. Workingman's Wife: Her Personality, World and Life Style. New York, Oceana Publications, 1959. Sociological/psychological portrait of the beliefs, values, and "pervasive anxieties" of the supposedly typical blue-collar wife.

HD6073.A5 R52 1972 Rich, Elizabeth. Flying High: What it's Like to be an Airline Stewardess. New York: Stein and Day, 1972. A shrewd career guide by a veteran flight attendant that details the benefits and downsides of the job in the "Fly Me" days of the late 1960s and early 1970s.

HQ536 .R8 Rubin, Lillian B. Worlds of Pain: Life in the Working-Class Family. New York: Basic Books, 1976. A detailed look at the domestic lives and unfulfilled expectations of white working-class families, the so-called "silent majority" discovered in 1970s political rhetoric.

JK2482.W6 S35 Samuels, Catherine. The Forgotten Five Million: Women in Public Employment: A Guide to Eliminating Sex Discrimination. New York: Women's Action Alliance, 1975.

HD6095 .S4 Scott, Niki. The Working Woman: A Handbook. Kansas City: Sheed Andrews and McMeel, 1977. Anecdotal accounts of how various working women cope with discrimination and the double burden at home and work.

HD6058 .S45n Seifer, Nancy. Absent from the Majority: Working Class Women in America. New York: National Project on Ethnic America, 1973. Eighty-page booklet; includes historical essays on '50s, '60s, '70s, and changes in economy and culture, and recommendations for addressing needs and concerns of this "invisible" minority.

HQ1426 .S469 1976 Silveira, Jeanette. The Housewife and Marxist Class Analysis. Seattle: The author, 1976, ©1975. Eighty-five pages analyzing housewives' place in the economic structure and critiquing earlier Marxist feminist analyses.

HD6095 .S6 Smuts, Robert W. Women and Work in America. New York: Columbia University Press, 1959. Brief popular survey, with primary source excerpts, of women's own views of their work, paid and unpaid, in and outside the home.

KF3467 .S87 1973 Stone, Katherine. Handbook for OCAW Women. Denver: Oil, Chemical, and Atomic Workers International Union, 1973. Eighty-page, union-sponsored guide to women's legal rights as workers and as union members.

HD6095 .S8 Sweet, James A. Women in the Labor Force. New York: Seminar Press, 1973. Sociological analysis of variables affecting women's work force participation, such as race, marital/family status, etc.

HD6073.M392 U55 Tepperman, Jean. Not Servants, Not Machines: Office Workers Speak Out!  Boston: Beacon Press, 1976. A chronicle of the office workers' movement of the 1970s, leading to establishment of "9 to 5," among other groups, with historical background. Based on interviews with women clerical workers in various parts of the U.S. See also Book Committees of the Massachusetts History Workshop, They Can't Run the Office Without Us: Women Look at 60 Years of Clerical Work (Massachusetts History Workshop, 1985; listed in "Biographies" section).

HD6053 .T38 1976 Terrano, Angela, Marie Dignan, and Mary Holmes. Working Women for Freedom. Detroit: Women's Liberation, News and Letters Committees, 1976. Around fifty pages on rank-and-file activists' struggles, with historical viewpoints, brief oral accounts from working women, and critiques of contemporary organizations like the Coalition of Labor Union Women (CLUW).

HD6095 .T8 Turner, Marjorie B. Women & Work. Ed. Irving Bernstein. Los Angeles: Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California, 1964. An over sixty-page pamphlet offering an overview of the topic for a general audience.

HD6079.068 Union W.A.G.E. Organize! A Working Women's Handbook. Berkeley, Calif.: Union W.A.G.E. Educational Committee, 1975. How-to guide on organizing in the workplace, particularly but not exclusively geared to clerical workers.

HX80 .H812 United States Congress, House Committee on Education and Labor. Equal Pay for Equal Work for Women. Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1950.

HX80 .H875 United States Congress, Senate Committee on Government Operations. American Guild of Variety Artists. Hearings before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations, United States Senate, Eighty-Seventh Congress ... Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1962. Almost 700 pages of transcripts from hearings held June 12-26, 1962, investigating mob infiltration of the AGVA, which the hearings portrayed to be an exotic dancers' or "B-girls'" union.

HD6073.H84 H68 1975 Warrior, Betsy, and Lisa Leghorn. Houseworker's Handbook, 3d expanded ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Leghorn & Warrior, Woman's Center, 1975. An over one hundred-page political booklet analyzing women's exploitation in unpaid household labor.

HF5500.3.U54 W66 Women's Work Project. Women Organizing the Office. Washington, DC: Women in Distribution, 1978. Study of women in business and as supervisors in the U.S.