Professor Bromage directs the Hard Tissue Research Unit (HTRU), which is a mineralized tissue preparation and imaging technology development laboratory of the Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, NYUCD. Mineralized tissue biology with emphasis on its translation to environmental and evolutionary studies are key to many of Bromage's HTRU pursuits, which include microanatomical correlates of bone biomechanics, skeletal adaptation to microgravity, enamel and bone growth rate variability in respect to environmental perturbations, and skeletal disease research. Professor Bromage supplements laboratory research with African Late Pliocene paleontological fieldwork of significance to human evolutionary research, the surveys of which have recovered the oldest known representative of the human genus, Homo (rudolfensis), some 2.4 Ma, as well as its contemporary, Paranthropus boisei, from the shores of Lake Malawi. Somewhat related to this is fieldwork on Late Pleistocene pygmy elephant and pygmy hippopotamus localities in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which provides a natural experiment of relevance to interpretations of modern human dental reduction.

The integration of graphic and heuristic elements in the digital photomicrography of bone and tooth microanatomy is important to Professor Bromage, who presents the work as abstract art; his exhibit is currently touring Europe. Images include a variety of subjects of relevance to his equally integrative research agenda, from images of gene knockout mice in novel cancer research, to human evolutionary studies including micro-anatomical images from the bones of "Lucy" (a representative of the earliest humans from Ethiopia, ca. 3.0 Ma).

Ramon Areces Foundation, E. Blanquer Foundation, March Foundation, Proctor and Gamble Pharmaceuticals

NYUCD Patent: Bromage, T.G. & Boyde, A., Perez-Ochoa Real, A. (2004) Portable Automated Confocal Microscope. US Pat. App. No.: 10/960,325, OIL Id. No.: BRO03-01PRO.

Bromage, T.G. (1984) Interpretation of scanning electron microscopic images of abraded forming bone surfaces. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 64:161-178.

Bromage, T.G. (1985) Systematic inquiry in tests of negative/positive replica combinations for SEM. Journal of Microscopy., 137:209-216.

Bromage, T.G.. & Dean, M.C. (1985) Re-evaluation of the age at death of immature fossil hominids. Nature, 317:525-527.

Bromage, T.G.. (1987) The biological and chronological maturation of early hominids. Journal of Human Evolution, 16:257-272. Bromage, T.G.. (1989) Ontogeny of the early hominid face. Journal of Human Evolution, 18:751-773.

Mechanic, G.L., Arnaud, S.B., Boyde, A., Bromage, T.G., Buckendahl, P., Elliott, J.C., Katz, E.P. & Durnova, I. (1990) Regional Distribution of mineral and matrix in the femurs of rats flown on Cosmos 1887 biosatellite. FASEB, 4:34-40.

O'Higgins, P., Bromage, T.G., Johnson, D.R., Moore, W.J. & McPhie, P. (1991) A study of facial growth in the Sooty Mangabey Cercocebus atys. Folia Primatologica, 56:86-94.

Bromage, T.G. (1991) Enamel incremental periodicity in the Pigtailed Macaque: A polychrome fluorescent labeling study of dental hard tissues. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,86:205-214.

Bromage, T.G. (1992) The ontogeny of Pan troglodytes craniofacial architectural relationships and implications for early hominids. Journal of Human Evolution, 23:235-251.

Schrenk, F., Bromage, T.G.., Betzler, C. & Ring, U. (1993) Oldest Homo and Pliocene biogeography of the Malawi Rift. Nature, 365:833-836.

McMahon, J.M., Boyde, A. & Bromage, T.G. (1995) Pattern of collagen fiber orientation in the ovine calcaneal shaft and its relation to locomotor-induced strain. Anatomical Record 242:147-158.

Bromage, T.G.. & Schrenk, F. (Eds) (1995) Evolutionary History of the Malawi Rift. . Journal of Human Evolution, Vol. 28, pp. 1-120. Goldman, H.M., Kindsvater, J. & Bromage, T.G. (1999) Correlative Light and Backscattered Electron Microscopy of Bone. Part I: Specimen Preparation Methods. Scanning 21: 40-43.

Bromage, T.G. & Schrenk, F. (Eds) (1999) African Biogeography, Climate Change, and Early Hominid Evolution. Oxford University Press: New York. pp. 1-485.

Chowdhury, I.G. & Bromage, T.G. (2000) Effects of fetal exposure to nicotine on dental development of the laboratory rat. Anatomical Record 258: 397-405.

Goldman, H.M., Blayas, A., Boyde, A., Howell, P.G.T., Clement, J. & Bromage, T.G. (2000) Correlative Light and Backscattered Electron Microscopy of Human Bone. Part II: Automated Image Analysis. Scanning 22:337-344.

Arnaud, S.B., Buckendahl, P., Bromage, T.G., Yamauchi, M. (2000) Bone biochemistry in rat femoral diaphysis after space flight. Journal of Gravitational Physiology 7: 7-15.

Schrenk, F. & Bromage, T.G. (2002) Adams & Eltern - Expeditionen in die Welt der Frühmenschen. C.H. Beck: München, 254 pp. (German & Korean editions).

Bromage, T.G. & Boyde, A., Perez-Ochoa, A. (2003) The Portable confocal microscope: Scanning optical microscopy anywhere. In (A. Méndez-Vilas, Ed) Science, Technology and Education of Microscopy: An Overview. Formatex: Badajoz. pp. 742-752.

Goldman, H.M., Bromage, T.G., Thomas, C.D.L. & Clement, J.G. (2003) Preferred collagen fiber orientation at the human mid-shaft femur. Anatomical Record 272A: 434-445.

Goldman, H.M., Bromage, T.G., Boyde, A., Thomas, C.D.L. & Clement, J.G. (2003) Intrapopulation Variability in Mineralization Density at the Human Femoral Mid-Shaft. Journal of Anatomy 203: 243-255.

Bromage, T.G., Goldman, H.M., McFarlin S., Warshaw, J., Boyde, A. & Riggs, C. (2003) Circularly polarized light standards for investigations of collagen fiber orientation in bone. Anatomical Record: The New Anatomist 274B: 157-168.

Smolyar, I. & Bromage, T.G. (2004) Discrete model of fish scale incremental pattern: A formalization of the 2d anisotropic structure. ICES Journal of Marine Science 61: 992-1003.

Bromage, T.G., Rozzi, F.R. & Walker, C. (2004) Shape of the enamel forming front influences crown size in molars from the Shungura Formation, Ethiopia. In (E. Baquendano, Ed) Homenaje a Emiliano Aguirre. Museo Arqueologico Regional: Madrid. pp. 82-87.

Goldman, H.M., Thomas, C. D. L., Clement, J. G. & Bromage, T. G. ( 2005) Relationships among microstructural properties of bone at the human mid-shaft femur. J. Anatomy 206: 127-139.