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Basic Thermodynamics

The Helmholtz free energy A(N,V,T) is a natural function of N, V and T. The isothermal-isobaric ensemble is generated by transforming the volume V in favor of the pressure P so that the natural variables are N, P and T (which are conditions under which many experiments are performed - ``standard temperature and pressure,'' for example).

Performing a Legendre transformation of the Helmholtz free energy

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But

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Thus,

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where G(N,P,T) is the Gibbs free energy.

The differential of G is

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But from G=A+PV, we have

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but tex2html_wrap_inline514 , thus

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Equating the two expressions for dG, we see that

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Mark Tuckerman
Wed Feb 7 17:32:09 EST 2001