If a beam of neutral, paramagnetic atoms, such as silver atoms, is shot through a magnetic field, the beam can be split into two beams by the field as shown below:
This is known as a Stern-Gerlach experiment. The fact that the
magnetic field can split the beam into two suggests that there must
be some intrinsic property that couples to the magnetic
field like an angular momentum but that can take on half-integer
values. This cannot be an orbital angular momentum, since
can only take on integral values.