The faraday constant is defined to the total charge in 1 mol of
electrons. Since the charge on one electron is 1.6021773
C,
the faraday constant,
has the value:
Electrical current is defined to the rate of charge flow through a circuit:
For a constant current, this definition reduces to
where Q is the amount of charge that flows in a time interval t. The SI unit of current is the Ampere (A), defined to be 1 C/s. Thus, given a current I that flows for a time t, the number of moles of electrons that will have flowed is
Example: If the cell Cu|Cu
||Ag
|Ag operates with a
current of 0.500 A for 101 minutes, how many grams of copper are
dissolved and how many grams of silver are deposited?
Solution: The time interval in seconds is
The number of moles of electrons is
Since the half reactions are
Since 1 mol of silver ions reacts with 1 mole of electrons, the mass of silver deposited is
But 1 mol of Cu(s) produces 2 moles of electrons. Thus, the amount of copper deposited is