New York University

Computer Science Department

Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences

 

IDL to Java Mapping

 

Course Title: Application Servers                                           Course Number: g22.3033-011

Instructor: Jean-Claude Franchitti                                            Session: 4

 

 

1. Introduction

 

This section describes the complete mapping of IDL into the Java language. In most cases examples of the mapping are provided. It should be noted that the examples are code fragments that try to illustrate only the language construct being described. Normally they will be embedded in some module and hence will be mapped into a Java package.

 

2 Names

In general IDL names and identifiers are mapped to Java names and identifiers with no change. If a name collision could be generated in the mapped Java code, the name collision is resolved by prepending an underscore (_) to the mapped name.

 

In addition, because of the nature of the Java language, a single IDL construct may be mapped to several (differently named) Java constructs. The "additional" names are constructed by appending a descriptive suffix. For example, the IDL interface foo is mapped to the Java interface foo, and additional Java classes fooHelper and fooHolder.

In those exceptional cases that the "additional" names could conflict with other mapped IDL names, the resolution rule described above is applied to the other mapped IDL names. I.e., the naming and use of required "additional" names takes precedence.

 

For example, an interface whose name is fooHelper or fooHolder is mapped to _fooHelper or _fooHolder respectively, regardless of whether an interface named foo exists. The helper and holder classes for interface fooHelper are named _fooHelperHelper and _fooHelperHolder.

 

IDL names that would normally be mapped unchanged to Java identifiers that conflict with Java reserved words will have the collision rule applied.

 

2.1 Reserved Names

The mapping in effect reserves the use of several names for its own purposes. These are:

 

 

·        The Java class <type>Helper, where <type> is the name of IDL user defined type.

·        The Java class <type>Holder, where <type> is the name of an IDL defined type (with certain exceptions such as typedef aliases).

·        The Java classes <basicJavaType>Holder, where <basicJavaType> is one of the Java primitive datatypes that is used by one of the IDL basic datatypes.

·        The nested scope Java package name <interface>Package, where <interface> is the name of an IDL interface.

·        The keywords in the Java language:

 

abstract

 

default

 

if

 

private

 

throw

 

boolean

 

do

 

implements

 

protected

 

throws

 

break

 

double

 

import

 

public

 

transient

 

byte

 

else

 

instanceof

 

return

 

try

 

case

 

extends

 

int

 

short

 

void

 

catch

 

final

 

interface

 

static

 

volatile

 

char

 

finally

 

long

 

super

 

while

 

class

 

float

 

native

 

switch

 

 

 

const

 

for

 

new

 

synchronized

 

 

 

continue

 

goto

 

package

 

this

 

 

 

The use of any of these names for a user defined IDL type or interface (assuming it is also a legal IDL name) will result in the mapped name having an (_) prepended.

 

3 Mapping of Module

An IDL module is mapped to a Java package with the same name. All IDL type declarations within the module are mapped to corresponding Java class or interface declarations within the generated package.

 

IDL declarations not enclosed in any modules are mapped into the (unnamed) Java global scope.

 

3.1 Example

 

// IDL

 

module Example {...}

 

// generated Java

 

package Example;

 

        ...

 

4 Mapping for Basic Types

 

4.1 Introduction

The following table shows the basic mapping. In some cases where there is a potential mismatch between an IDL type and its mapped Java type, the Exceptions column lists the standard CORBA exceptions that may be (or is) raised.

 

The potential mismatch can occur when the range of the Java type is "larger" than IDL. The value must be effectively checked at runtime when it is marshaled as an in parameter (or on input for an inout), e.g. Java chars are a superset of IDL chars.

 

Users should be careful when using unsigned types in Java. Because there is no support in the Java language for unsigned types, a user is responsible for ensuring that large unsigned IDL type values are handled correctly as negative integers in Java.

 

Figure 1 Basic Type Mappings

 

IDL Type

Java type

Exceptions

 

boolean

 

boolean

 

 

 

char

 

char

 

CORBA::DATA_CONVERSION

 

wchar

 

char

 

 

 

octet

 

byte

 

 

 

string

 

java.lang.String

 

CORBA::MARSHAL

CORBA::DATA_CONVERSION

 

wstring

 

java.lang.String

 

CORBA::MARSHAL

 

short

 

short

 

 

 

unsigned short

 

short

 

 

 

long

 

int

 

 

 

unsigned long

 

int

 

 

 

long long

 

long

 

 

 

unsigned long long

 

long

 

 

 

float

 

float

 

 

 

double

 

double

 

 

 

Additional details are described in the sections following.

 

4.1.1 Future Support

In the future we expect the "new" extended IDL types fixed, and possibly long double, to be supported directly by Java. Currently there is no support for them in JDK 1.0.2, and as a practical matter, they are not yet widely supported by ORB vendors. We would expect them to be mapped as follows:

 

 

IDL Type

Java type

Exceptions

 

long double

 

???

 

 

 

fixed

 

java.math.BigDecimal

 

CORBA::DATA_CONVERSION

 

A future revision of this specification should make support of this mapping normative.

 

4.1.2 Holder Classes

Support for out and inout parameter passing modes requires the use of additional "holder" classes. These classes are available for all of the basic IDL datatypes in the org.omg.CORBA package and are generated for all named user defined types except those defined by typedefs.

 

For user defined IDL types, the holder class name is constructed by appending Holder to the mapped (Java) name of the type.

 

For the basic IDL datatypes, the holder class name is the Java type name (with its initial letter capitalized) to which the datatype is mapped with an appended Holder, e.g. IntHolder.

 

Each holder class has a constructor from an instance, a default constructor, and has a public instance member, value, which is the typed value. The default constructor sets the value field to the default value for the type as defined by the Java language: false for boolean, 0 for numeric and char types, null for strings, null for object references.

 

In order to support portable stubs and skeletons, holder classes for user defined types also have to implement the org.omg.CORBA.portable.Streamable interface.

 

The holder classes for the basic types are defined below. Note that they do not implement the Streamable interface. They are in the org.omg.CORBA package.

 

// Java

 

package org.omg.CORBA;

 

final public class ShortHolder {

 

        public short value;

 

        public ShortHolder() {}

 

        public ShortHolder(short initial) {

 

                value = initial;

 

        }

 

}

 

final public class IntHolder {

 

        public int value;

 

        public IntHolder() {}

 

        public IntHolder(int initial) {

 

                value = initial;

 

        }

 

}

 

final public class LongHolder {

 

        public long value;

 

        public LongHolder() {}

 

        public LongHolder(long initial) {

 

                value = initial;

 

        }

 

}

 

final public class ByteHolder {

 

        public byte value;

 

        public ByteHolder() {}

 

        public ByteHolder(byte initial) {

 

                value = initial;

 

        }

 

}

 

final public class FloatHolder {

 

        public float value;

 

        public FloatHolder() {}

 

        public FloatHolder(float initial) {

 

                value = initial;

 

        }

 

}

 

final public class DoubleHolder {

 

        public double value;

 

        public DoubleHolder() {}

 

        public DoubleHolder(double initial) {

 

                value = initial;

 

        }

 

}

 

final public class CharHolder {

 

        public char value;

 

        public CharHolder() {}

 

        public CharHolder(char initial) {

 

                value = initial;

 

        }

 

}

 

final public class BooleanHolder {

 

        public boolean value;

 

        public BooleanHolder() {}

 

        public BooleanHolder(boolean initial) {

 

                value = initial;

 

        }

 

}

 

final public class StringHolder {

 

        public java.lang.String value;

 

        public StringHolder() {}

 

        public StringHolder(java.lang.String initial) {

 

                value = initial;

 

        }

 

}

 

final public class ObjectHolder {

 

        public org.omg.CORBA.Object value;

 

        public ObjectHolder() {}

 

        public ObjectHolder(org.omg.CORBA.Object initial) {

 

                value = initial;

 

        }

 

}

 

final public class AnyHolder {

 

        public Any value;

 

        public AnyHolder() {}

 

        public AnyHolder(Any initial) {

 

                value = initial;

 

        }

 

}

 

final public class TypeCodeHolder {

 

        public TypeCode value;

 

        public typeCodeHolder() {}

 

        public TypeCodeHolder(TypeCode initial) {

 

                value = initial;

 

        }

 

}

 

final public class PrincipalHolder {

 

        public Principal value;

 

        public PrincipalHolder() {}

 

        public PrincipalHolder(Principal initial) {

 

                value = initial;

 

        }

 

}

 

The Holder class for a user defined type <foo> is shown below:

 

// Java

 

final public class <foo>Holder

 

        implements org.omg.CORBA.portable.Streamable {

 

        public <foo> value;

 

        public <foo>Holder() {}

 

        public <foo>Holder(<foo> initial) {}

 

        public void _read(org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream i)

 

                {...}

 

        public void _write(org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream o)

 

                {...}

 

        public org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode _type() {...}

 

        }

 

4.1.3 Use of Java null

The Java null may only be used to represent the "null" object reference. For example, a zero length string, rather than null must be used to represent the empty string. Similarly for arrays.

 

4.2 Boolean

The IDL boolean constants TRUE and FALSE are mapped to the corresponding Java boolean literals true and false.

 

4.3 Character Types

IDL characters are 8-bit quantities representing elements of a character set while Java characters are 16-bit unsigned quantities representing Unicode characters. In order to enforce type-safety, the Java CORBA runtime asserts range validity of all Java chars mapped from IDL chars when parameters are marshaled during method invocation. If the char falls outside the range defined by the character set, a CORBA::DATA_CONVERSION exception shall be thrown.

 

The IDL wchar maps to the Java primitive type char.

 

4.4 Octet

The IDL type octet, an 8-bit quantity, is mapped to the Java type byte.

 

4.5 String Types

The IDL string, both bounded and unbounded variants, are mapped to java.lang.String. Range checking for characters in the string as well as bounds checking of the string shall be done at marshal time. Character range violations cause a CORBA::DATA_CONVERSION exception to be raised. Bounds violations cause a CORBA:: MARSHAL exception to be raised.

 

The IDL wstring, both bounded and unbounded variants, are mapped to java.lang.String. Bounds checking of the string shall be done at marshal time. Bounds violations cause a CORBA:: MARSHAL exception to be raised.

 

4.6 Integer Types

The integer types map as shown in Figure 1.

 

4.7 Floating Point Types

The IDL float and double map as shown in Figure 1.

 

4.8 Future Fixed Point Types

The IDL fixed type is mapped to the Java java.math.BigDecimal class. Size violations raises a CORBA::DATA_CONVERSION exception.

 

This is left for a future revision.

 

4.9 Future Long Double Types

There is no current support in Java for the IDL long double type. It is not clear at this point whether and when this type will be added either as a primitive type, or as a new package in java.math.*, possibly as java.math.BigFloat.

 

This is left for a future revision.

 

5 Helper Classes

All user defined IDL types have an additional "helper" Java class with the suffix Helper appended to the type name generated. Several static methods needed to manipulate the type are supplied. These include Any insert and extract operations for the type, getting the repository id, getting the typecode, and reading and writing the type from and to a stream.

 

For any user defined IDL type, <typename>, the following is the Java code generated for the type. In addition, the helper class for a mapped IDL interface also has a narrow operation defined for it.

 

// generated Java helper

 

public class <typename>Helper {

 

        public static void

 

                insert(org.omg.CORBA.Any a, <typename> t) {...}

 

        public static <typename> extract(Any a) {...}

 

        public static org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode type() {...}

 

        public static String id() {...}

 

        public static <typename> read(

 

                org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream istream)

 

                {...}

 

        public static void write(

 

                org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream ostream,

 

                <typename> value)

 

                {...}

 

 

        // only for interface helpers

 

        public static

 

                <typename> narrow(org.omg.CORBA.Object obj);

 

}

 

The helper class associated with an IDL interface also has the narrow method.

 

5.1 Examples

 

// IDL - named type

 

struct st {long f1; string f2;};

 

// generated Java

 

public class stHelper {

 

        public static void insert(org.omg.CORBA.Any any,

 

                st s) {...}

 

        public static st extract(Any a) {...}

 

        public static org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode type() {...}

 

        public static String id() {...}

 

        public static st read(org.omg.CORBA.InputStream is) {...}

 

        public static void write(org.omg.CORBA.OutputStream os,

 

                 st s) {...}

 

}

 

// IDL - typedef sequence

 

typedef sequence <long> IntSeq;

 

// generated Java helper

 

public class IntSeqHelper {

 

        public static void insert(org.omg.CORBA.Any any,

 

                int[] seq);

 

        public static int[] extract(Any a){...}

 

        public static org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode type(){...}

 

        public static String id(){...}

 

        public static int[] read(

 

                org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream is)

 

                {...}

 

        public static void write(

 

                org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream os,

 

                int[] seq)

 

                {...}

 

}

 

6 Mapping for Constant

Constants are mapped differently depending upon the scope in which they appear.

 

6.1 Constants Within An Interface

Constants declared within an IDL interface are mapped to public static final fields in the Java interface corresponding to the IDL interface.

 

6.1.1 Example

 

// IDL

 

module Example {

 

                interface Face {

 

                const long aLongerOne = -321;

 

        };

 

};

 

// generated Java

 

package Example;

 

public interface Face {

 

        public static final int aLongerOne = (int) (-321L);

 

}

 

6.2 Constants Not Within An Interface

Constants not declared within an IDL interface are mapped to a public interface with the same name as the constant and containing a public static final field, named value, that holds the contant's value. Note that the Java compiler will normally inline the value when the class is used in other Java code.

 

6.2.1 Example

 

// IDL

 

module Example {

 

        const long aLongOne = -123;

 

        };

 

package Example;

 

public interface aLongOne {

 

        public static final int value = (int) (-123L);

 

}

 

7 Mapping for Enum

An IDL enum is mapped to a Java final class with the same name as the enum type which declares a value method, two static data members per label, an integer conversion method, and a private constructor as follows:

 

// generated Java

 

public final class <enum_name> {

 

        // one pair for each label in the enum 

 

        public static final int _<label> = <value>;

 

        public static final <enum_name> <label> =

 

                new <enum_name>(_<label>);

 

        public int value() {...}

 

        // get enum with specified value

 

        public static <enum_name> from_int(int value);

 

        // constructor

 

        private <enum_name>(int) { ... }

 

}

 

One of the members is a public static final that has the same name as the IDL enum label. The other has an underscore (_) prepended and is intended to be used in switch statements.

The value method returns the integer value. Values are assigned sequentially starting with 0. Note: there is no conflict with the value() method in Java even if there is a label named value

There shall be only one instance of an enum. Since there is only one instance, equality tests will work correctly. I.E. the default java.lang.Object implementation of equals() and hash() will automatically work correctly for an enum's singleton object.

 

The Java class for the enum has an additional method from_int(), which returns the enum with the specified value.

 

The holder class for the enum is also generated. Its name is the enum's mapped Java classname with Holder appended to it as follows:

 

public class <enum_name>Holder implements

 

                org.omg.CORBA.portable.Streamable {

 

        public <enum_name> value;

 

        public <enum_name>Holder() {}

 

        public <enum_name>Holder(<enum_name> initial) {...}

 

        public void _read(org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream i)

 

                {...}

 

        public void _write(org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream o)

 

                {...}

 

        public org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode _type() {...}

 

}

 

7.1 Example

 

// IDL

 

enum EnumType {a, b, c};

 

// generated Java

 

public final class EnumType {

 

        public static final int _a = 0;

 

        public static final EnumType a = new EnumType(_a);

 

        public static final int _b = 1;

 

        public static final EnumType b = new EnumType(_b);

 

        public static final int _c = 2;

 

        public static final EnumType c = new EnumType(_c);

 

        public int value() {...}

 

        public static EnumType from_int(int value) {...};

 

       

 

        // constructor

 

        private EnumType(int) {...}

 

 

        };

 

8 Mapping for Struct

An IDL struct is mapped to a final Java class with the same name that provides instance variables for the fields in IDL member ordering and a constructor for all values. A null constructor is also provided so that the fields can be filled in later.

 

The holder class for the struct is also generated. Its name is the struct's mapped Java classname with Holder appended to it as follows:

 

final public class <class>Holder implements

 

                org.omg.CORBA.portable.Streamable {

 

        public <class> value;

 

        public <class>Holder() {}

 

        public <class>Holder(<class> initial) {...}

 

        public void _read(org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream i)

 

                {...}

 

        public void _write(org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream o)

 

                {...}

 

        public org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode _type() {...}

 

}

 

8.1 Example

 

// IDL

 

struct StructType {

 

        long field1;

 

        string field2;

 

};

 

// generated Java

 

final public class StructType {

 

        // instance variables

 

        public int field1;

 

        public String field2;

 

        // constructors

 

        public StructType() {}

 

        public StructType(int field1, String field2)

 

                {...}

 

        }

 

final public class StructTypeHolder

 

                implements org.omg.CORBA.portable.Streamable {

 

        public StructType value;

 

        public StructTypeHolder() {}

 

        public StructTypeHolder(StructType initial) {...}

 

        public void _read(org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream i)

 

                {...}

 

        public void _write(org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream o)

 

                {...}

 

        public org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode _type() {...}

 

 

9 Mapping for Union

An IDL union is mapped to a final Java class with the same name that has:

 

·        a default constructor

·        an accessor method for the discriminator, named discriminator()

·        an accessor method for each branch

·        a modifier method for branch

·        a modifier method for each branch which has more than one case label.

·        a default modifier method if needed

 

The normal name conflict resolution rule is used (prepend an "_") for the discriminator if there is a name clash with the mapped uniontype name or any of the field names.

The branch accessor and modifier methods are overloaded and named after the branch. Accessor methods shall raise the CORBA::BAD_OPERATION system exception if the expected branch has not been set.

 

If there is more than one case label corresponding to a branch, the simple modifier method for that branch sets the discriminant to the value of the first case label. In addition, an extra modifier method which takes an explicit discriminator parameter is generated.

 

If the branch corresponds to the default case label, then the modifier method sets the discriminant to a value that does not match any other case labels.

 

It is illegal to specify a union with a default case label if the set of case labels completely covers the possible values for the discriminant. It is the responsibility of the Java code generator (e.g., the IDL complier, or other tool) to detect this situation and refuse to generate illegal code.

 

A default modifier method, named default() ( _default() if name conflict) is created if there is no explicit default case label, and the set of case labels does not completely cover the possible values of the discriminant. It will set the value of the union to be an out-of-range value.

 

The holder class for the union is also generated. Its name is the union's mapped Java classname with Holder appended to it as follows:

 

final public class <union_class>Holder

 

                        implements org.omg.CORBA.portable.Streamable {

 

        public <union_class> value;

 

        public <union_class>Holder() {}

 

        public <union_class>Holder(<union_class> initial) {...}

 

        public void _read(org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream i)

 

                {...}

 

        public void _write(org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream o)

 

                {...}

 

        public org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode _type() {...}

 

}

 

9.1 Example

 

// IDL

 

union UnionType switch (EnumType) {              

 

                case first: long win;                

 

                case second: short place;                 

 

                case third:                  

 

                case fourth: octet show;                 

 

                default:     boolean other;              

 

        };   

 

// generated Java

 

final public class UnionType {             

 

        // constructor             

 

        public UnionType() {....}

 

        // discriminator accessor              

 

        public <switch-type> discriminator() {....}

 

        // win              

 

        public int win() {....}

 

        public void win(int value) {....}

 

        // place              

 

        public short place() {....}

 

        public void place(short value) {....}

 

        // show             

 

        public byte show() {....}

 

        public void show(byte value) {....}

 

        public void show(int discriminator, byte value){....}

 

        // other

 

        public boolean other() {....}

 

        public void other(boolean value) {....}

 

}

 

final public class UnionTypeHolder

 

                implements org.omg.CORBA.portable.Streamable {

 

        public UnionType value;

 

        public UnionTypeHolder() {}

 

        public UnionTypeHolder(UnionType initial) {...}

 

        public void _read(org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream i)

 

                {...}

 

        public void _write(org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream o)

 

                {...}

 

        public org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode _type() {...}

 

}     

 

 

10 Mapping for Sequence

An IDL sequence is mapped to a Java array with the same name. In the mapping, everywhere the sequence type is needed, an array of the mapped type of the sequence element is used. Bounds checking shall be done on bounded sequences when they are marshaled as parameters to IDL operations, and an IDL CORBA::MARSHAL is raised if necessary.

 

The holder class for the sequence is also generated. Its name is the sequence's mapped Java classname with Holder appended to it as follows:

 

final public class <sequence_class>Holder {

 

        public <sequence_element_type>[] value;

 

        public <sequence_class>Holder() {};

 

        public <sequence_class>Holder(

 

                        <sequence_element_type>[] initial) {...};

 

        public void _read(org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream i)

 

                {...}

 

        public void _write(org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream o)

 

                {...}

 

        public org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode _type() {...}

 

}

 

10.1 Example

 

// IDL

 

typedef sequence< long > UnboundedData;

 

typedef sequence< long, 42 > BoundedData;

 

// generated Java

 

final public class UnboundedDataHolder

 

                        implements org.omg.CORBA.portable.Streamable {

 

        public int[] value;

 

        public UnboundedDataHolder() {};

 

        public UnboundedDataHolder(int[] initial) {...};

 

        public void _read(org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream i)

 

                {...}

 

        public void _write(org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream o)

 

                {...}

 

        public org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode _type() {...}

 

}

 

final public class BoundedDataHolder

 

                        implements org.omg.CORBA.portable.Streamable {

 

        public int[] value;

 

        public BoundedDataHolder() {};

 

        public BoundedDataHolder(int[] initial) {...};

 

        public void _read(org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream i)

 

                {...}

 

        public void _write(org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream o)

 

                {...}

 

        public org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode _type() {...}

 

}

 

11 Mapping for Array

An IDL array is mapped the same way as an IDL bounded sequence. In the mapping, everywhere the array type is needed, an array of the mapped type of the array element is used. In Java, the natural Java subscripting operator is applied to the mapped array. The bounds for the array are checked when the array is marshaled as an argument to an IDL operation and a CORBA::MARSHAL exception is raised if an bounds violation occurs. The length of the array can be made available in Java, by bounding the array with an IDL constant, which will be mapped as per the rules for constants.

 

The holder class for the array is also generated. Its name is the array's mapped Java classname with Holder appended to it as follows:

 

final public class <array_class>Holder

 

                implements org.omg.CORBA.portable.Streamable {

 

        public <array_element_type>[] value;

 

        public <array_class>Holder() {}

 

        public <array_class>Holder(

 

                                <array_element_type>[] initial) {...}

 

        public void _read(org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream i)

 

                {...}

 

        public void _write(org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream o)

 

                {...}

 

        public org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode _type() {...}

 

}

 

11.1 Example

 

// IDL

 

const long ArrayBound = 42;

 

typedef long larray[ArrayBound];

 

// generated Java

 

final public class larrayHolder

 

                implements org.omg.CORBA.portable.Streamable {

 

        public int[] value;

 

        public larrayHolder() {}

 

        public larrayHolder(int[] initial) {...}

 

        public void _read(org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream i)

 

                {...}

 

        public void _write(org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream o)

 

                {...}

 

        public org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode _type() {...}

 

}

 

12 Mapping for Interface

 

12.1 Basics

An IDL interface is mapped to a public Java interface with the same name, and an additional "helper" Java class with the suffix Helper appended to the interface name. The Java interface extends the (mapped) base org.omg.CORBA.Object interface.

 

The Java interface contains the mapped operation signatures. Methods can be invoked on an object reference to this interface.

 

The helper class holds a static narrow method that allows a org.omg.CORBA.Object to be narrowed to the object reference of a more specific type. The IDL exception CORBA::BAD_PARAM is thrown if the narrow fails.

 

There are no special "nil" object references. Java null can be passed freely wherever an object reference is expected.

 

Attributes are mapped to a pair of Java accessor and modifier methods. These methods have the same name as the IDL attribute and are overloaded. There is no modifier method for IDL readonly attributes.

 

The holder class for the interface is also generated. Its name is the interface's mapped Java classname with Holder appended to it as follows:

 

final public class <interface_class>Holder

 

                implements org.omg.CORBA.portable.Streamable {

 

        public <interface_class> value;

 

        public <interface_class>Holder() {}

 

        public <interface_class>Holder(

 

                                <interface_class> initial) {

 

                value = initial;

 

        public void _read(org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream i)

 

                {...}

 

        public void _write(org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream o)

 

                {...}

 

        public org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode _type() {...}

 

}

 

Interface inheritance expressed in IDL is reflected directly in the Java interface hierarchy.

 

12.1.1 Example

 

// IDL

 

module Example {

 

        interface Face {

 

                long method (in long arg) raises (e);

 

                attribute long assignable;

 

                readonly attribute long nonassignable;

 

        }

 

}

 

// generated Java

 

package Example;

 

public interface Face extends org.omg.CORBA.Object {

 

        int method(int arg)

 

                throws Example.e;

 

        int assignable();

 

        void assignable(int i);

 

        int nonassignable();

 

}

 

public class FaceHelper {

 

 

        // ... other standard helper methods

 

 

        public static Face narrow(org.omg.CORBA.Object obj)

 

                {...}

 

}

 

final public class FaceHolder

 

                implements org.omg.CORBA.portable.Streamable {

 

        public Face value;

 

        public FaceHolder() {}

 

        public FaceHolder(Face initial) {...}

 

        public void _read(org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream i)

 

                {...}

 

        public void _write(org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream o)

 

                {...}

 

        public org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode _type() {...}

 

}

 

12.2 Parameter Passing Modes

IDL in parameters which implement call-by-value semantics, are mapped to normal Java actual parameters. The results of IDL operations are returned as the result of the corresponding Java method.

 

IDL out and inout parameters, which implement call-by-result and call-by-value/result semantics, cannot be mapped directly into the Java parameter passing mechanism. This mapping defines additional holder classes for all the IDL basic and user-defined types which are used to implement these parameter modes in Java. The client supplies an instance of the appropriate holder Java class that is passed (by value) for each IDL out or inout parameter. The contents of the holder instance (but not the instance itself) are modified by the invocation, and the client uses the (possibly) changed contents after the invocation returns.

 

12.2.1 Example

 

// IDL

 

module Example {

 

        interface Modes {

 

                long operation( in long inArg,

 

                                out long outArg,

 

                                inout long inoutArg);

 

        };

 

        };

 

// Generated Java

 

package Example;

 

public interface Modes {

 

        int operation(  int inArg,

 

                        IntHolder outArg,

 

                        IntHolder inoutArg);

 

}

 

In the above, the result comes back as an ordinary result and the actual in parameters only an ordinary value. But for the out and inout parameters, an appropriate holder must be constructed. A typical use case might look as follows:

 

// user Java code

 

// select a target object

 

Example.Modes target = ...;

 

// get the in actual value

 

int inArg = 57;

 

// prepare to receive out

 

IntHolder outHolder = new IntHolder();

 

// set up the in side of the inout  

 

IntHolder inoutHolder = new IntHolder(131);

 

// make the invocation

 

int result =target.operation(inArg, outHolder, inoutHolder);

 

// use the value of the outHolder

 

... outHolder.value ...                                                      

 

// use the value of the inoutHolder             

 

... inoutHolder.value ...                                                          

 

Before the invocation, the input value of the inout parameter must be set in the holder instance that will be the actual parameter. The inout holder can be filled in either by constructing a new holder from a value, or by assigning to the value of an existing holder of the appropriate type. After the invocation, the client uses the outHolder.value to access the value of the out parameter, and the inoutHolder.value to access the output value of the inout parameter. The return result of the IDL operation is available as the result of the invocation.

 

 

13 Mapping for Exception

IDL exceptions are mapped very similarly to structs. They are mapped to a Java class that provides instance variables for the fields of the exception and constructors.

 

CORBA system exceptions are unchecked exceptions. They inherit (indirectly) from java.lang.RuntimeException.

 

User defined exceptions are checked exceptions. They inherit (indirectly) from java.lang.Exception

 

Figure 2 Inheritance of Java Exception Classes


 

 


13.1 User Defined Exceptions

User defined exceptions are mapped to final Java classes that extend org.omg.CORBA.UserException and are otherwise mapped just like the IDL struct type, including the generation of Helper and Holder classes.

 

If the exception is defined within a nested IDL scope (essentially within an interface) then its Java class name is defined within a special scope. Otherwise its Java class name is defined within the scope of the Java package that corresponds to the exception's enclosing IDL module.

 

13.1.1 Example

 

// IDL

 

module Example {

 

        exception ex1 { string reason; };

 

};

 

// Generated Java

 

package Example;

 

final public class ex1 extends org.omg.CORBA.UserException {

 

        public String reason;                                                                     // instance

 

        public ex1() {...}                                                                        // default constructor

 

        public ex1(String r) {...}                                                                        // constructor

 

}

 

final public class ex1Holder

 

                implements org.omg.CORBA.portable.Streamable {

 

        public ex1 value;

 

        public ex1Holder() {}

 

        public ex1Holder(ex1 initial) {...}

 

        public void _read(org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream i)

 

                {...}

 

        public void _write(org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream o)

 

                {...}

 

        public org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode _type() {...}

 

}

 

 

13.2 System Exceptions

The standard IDL system exceptions are mapped to final Java classes that extend org.omg.CORBA.SystemException and provide access to the IDL major and minor exception code, as well as a string describing the reason for the exception.Note there are no public constructors for org.omg.CORBA.SystemException; only classes that extend it can be instantiated.

 

The Java class name for each standard IDL exception is the same as its IDL name and is declared to be in the org.omg.CORBA package. The default constructor supplies 0 for the minor code, COMPLETED_NO for the completion code, and "" for the reason string. There is also a constructor which takes the reason and uses defaults for the other fields, as well as one which requires all three parameters to be specified. The mapping from IDL name to Java class name is listed in the table below:

 

Table 1

IDL Exception

 

Java Class Name

 

CORBA::UNKNOWN

 

org.omg.CORBA.UNKNOWN

 

CORBA::BAD_PARAM

 

org.omg.CORBA.BAD_PARAM

 

CORBA::NO_MEMORY

 

org.omg.CORBA.NO_MEMORY

 

CORBA::IMP_LIMIT

 

org.omg.CORBA.IMP_LIMIT

 

CORBA::COMM_FAILURE

 

org.omg.CORBA.COMM_FAILURE

 

CORBA::INV_OBJREF

 

org.omg.CORBA.INV_OBJREF

 

CORBA::NO_PERMISSION

 

org.omg.CORBA.NO_PERMISSION

 

CORBA::INTERNAL

 

org.omg.CORBA.INTERNAL

 

CORBA::MARSHAL

 

org.omg.CORBA.MARSHAL

 

CORBA::INITIALIZE

 

org.omg.CORBA.INITIALIZE

 

CORBA::NO_IMPLEMENT

 

org.omg.CORBA.NO_IMPLEMENT

 

CORBA::BAD_TYPECODE

 

org.omg.CORBA.BAD_TYPECODE

 

CORBA::BAD_OPERATION

 

org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION

 

CORBA::NO_RESOURCES

 

org.omg.CORBA.NO_RESOURCES

 

CORBA::NO_RESPONSE

 

org.omg.CORBA.NO_RESPONSE

 

CORBA::PERSIST_STORE

 

org.omg.CORBA.PERSIST_STORE

 

CORBA::BAD_INV_ORDER

 

org.omg.CORBA.BAD_INV_ORDER

 

CORBA::TRANSIENT

 

org.omg.CORBA.TRANSIENT

 

CORBA::FREE_MEM

 

org.omg.CORBA.FREE_MEM

 

CORBA::INV_IDENT

 

org.omg.CORBA.INV_IDENT

 

CORBA::INV_FLAG

 

org.omg.CORBA.INV_FLAG

 

CORBA::INTF_REPOS

 

org.omg.CORBA.INTF_REPOS

 

CORBA::BAD_CONTEXT

 

org.omg.CORBA.BAD_CONTEXT

 

CORBA::OBJ_ADAPTER

 

org.omg.CORBA.OBJ_ADAPTER

 

CORBA::DATA_CONVERSION

 

org.omg.CORBA.DATA_CONVERSION

 

CORBA::OBJECT_NOT_EXIST

 

org.omg.CORBA.OBJECT_NOT_EXIST

 

CORBA::TRANSACTIONREQUIRED

 

org.omg.CORBA.TRANSACTIONREQUIRED

 

CORBA::TRANSACTIONROLLEDBACK

 

org.omg.CORBA.TRANSACTIONROLLEDBACK

 

CORBA::INVALIDTRANSACTION

 

org.omg.CORBA.INVALIDTRANSACTION

 

The definitions of the relevant classes are specified below.

 

// from org.omg.CORBA package

 

package org.omg.CORBA;

 

public final class CompletionStatus {

 

        // Completion Status constants

 

        public static final int         _COMPLETED_YES = 0,

 

                                        _COMPLETED_NO = 1,

 

                                        _COMPLETED_MAYBE = 2;

 

        public static final CompletionStatus COMPLETED_YES =

 

                new CompletionStatus(_COMPLETED_YES);

 

        public static final CompletionStatus COMPLETED_NO =

 

                new CompletionStatus(_COMPLETED_NO);

 

        public static final CompletionStatus COMPLETED_MAYBE =

 

                new CompletionStatus(_COMPLETED_MAYBE);

 

        public int value() {...}

 

        public static final CompletionStatus from_int(int) {...}

 

        private CompletionStatus(int) {...}

 

}

 

abstract public class

 

        SystemException extends java.lang.RuntimeException {

 

                public int minor;

 

                public CompletionStatus completed;

 

                // constructor

 

                protected SystemException(String reason,

 

                                          int minor,

 

                                          CompletionStatus status) {

 

                                          super(reason);

 

                                          this.minor = minor;

 

                                          this.status = status;

 

                }

 

        }

 

final public class

 

        UNKNOWN extends org.omg.CORBA.SystemException {

 

        public UNKNOWN() ...

 

        public UNKNOWN(int minor, CompletionStatus completed) ...

 

        public UNKNOWN(String reason) ...

 

        public UNKNOWN(String reason, int minor,

 

                       CompletionStatus completed)      ...

 

}

 

...

 

// there is a similar definition for each of the standard

 

// IDL system exceptions listed in the table above

 

14 Mapping for the Any Type

The IDL type Any maps to the Java class org.omg.CORBA.Any. This class has all the necessary methods to insert and extract instances of predefined types. If the extraction operations have a mismatched type, the CORBA::BAD_OPERATION exception is raised.

 

In addition, insert and extract methods which take a holder class are defined in order to provide a high speed interface for use by portable stubs and skeletons. There is an insert and extract method defined for each primitive IDL type as well as a pair for a generic streamable to handle the case of non-prmitive IDL types. Note that to preserve unsigned type information unsigned methods (which use the normal holder class) are defined where appropriate.

 

The insert operations set the specified value and reset the any's type if necessary.

 

Setting the typecode via the type() accessor wipes out the value. An attempt to extract before the value is set will result in a CORBA::BAD_OPERATION exception being raised. This operation is provided primarily so that the type may be set properly for IDL out parameters.

 

package org.omg.CORBA;

 

abstract public class Any {

 

abstract public boolean equal(org.omg.CORBA.Any a);

 

// type code accessors

 

abstract public org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode type();

 

abstract public void type(org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode t);

 

// read and write values to/from streams

 

// throw excep when typecode inconsistent with value

 

abstract public void read_value(

 

        org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream is,

 

        org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode t) throws org.omg.CORBA.MARSHAL;

 

abstract public void

 

        write_value(org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream os);

 

abstract public org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream

 

                        create_output_stream();

 

abstract public org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream

 

                        create_input_stream();

 

// insert and extract each primitive type

 

abstract public short extract_short()

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_short(short s);

 

abstract public int extract_long()

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_long(int i);

 

abstract public long extract_longlong()

 

         throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_longlong(long l);

 

abstract public short extract_ushort()

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_ushort(short s);

 

abstract public int extract_ulong()

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_ulong(int i);

 

abstract public long extract_ulonglong()

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_ulonglong(long l);

 

abstract public float extract_float()

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_float(float f);

 

abstract public double extract_double()

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_double(double d);

 

abstract public boolean extract_boolean()

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_boolean(boolean b);

 

abstract public char extract_char()

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_char(char c)

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.DATA_CONVERSION;

 

abstract public char extract_wchar()

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_wchar(char c);

 

abstract public byte extract_octet()

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_octet(byte b);

 

abstract public org.omg.CORBA.Any extract_any()

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_any(org.omg.CORBA.Any a);

 

abstract public org.omg.CORBA.Object                                                                      extract_Object()

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_Object(

 

                        org.omg.CORBA.Object o);

 

// throw excep when typecode inconsistent with value

 

abstract public void insert_Object(

 

                        org.omg.CORBA.Object o,

 

                        org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode t)

 

                        throws org.omg.CORBA.MARSHAL;

 

abstract public String extract_string()

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_string(String s)

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.DATA_CONVERSION, org.omg.CORBA.MARSHAL;

 

abstract public String extract_wstring()

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_wstring(String s)

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.MARSHAL;

 

// insert and extract typecode

 

abstract public org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode extract_TypeCode()

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_TypeCode(

 

                        org.omg.CORBA.TypeCode t);

 

// insert and extract Principal

 

abstract public org.omg.CORBA.Principal                                                           extract_Principal()

 

        throws org.omg.CORBA.BAD_OPERATION;

 

abstract public void insert_Principal(

 

                        org.omg.CORBA.Principal p);

 

// insert non-primitive IDL types

 

abstract public void insert_Streamable(

 

                        org.omg.CORBA.portable.Streamable s);

 

}

 

15 Mapping for Certain Nested Types

IDL allows type declarations nested within interfaces. Java does not allow classes to be nested within interfaces. Hence those IDL types that map to Java classes and that are declared within the scope of an interface must appear in a special "scope" package when mapped to Java.

 

IDL interfaces that contain these type declarations will generate a scope package to contain the mapped Java class declarations. The scope package name is constructed by appending Package to the IDL type name.

 

15.1 Example

 

// IDL

 

module Example {

 

        interface Foo {

 

                exception e1 {};

 

        };

 

};

 

// generated Java

 

package Example.FooPackage;

 

final public class e1 extends org.omg.CORBA.UserException

 

         {...}                                         

 

16 Mapping for Typedef

Java does not have a typedef construct.

 

16.1 Simple IDL types

IDL types that are mapped to simple Java types may not be subclassed in Java. Hence any typedefs that are type declarations for simple types are mapped to the original (mapped type) everywhere the typedef type appears.

 

Helper classes are generated for all typedefs.

 

16.2 Complex IDL types

Typedefs for non arrays and sequences are "unwound" to their original type until a simple IDL type or user-defined IDL type (of the non typedef variety) is encountered.

 

Holder classes are generated for sequence and array typedefs only.

 

16.2.1 Example

 

// IDL

 

struct EmpName {

 

        string firstName;

 

        string lastName;

 

};

 

typedef EmpName EmpRec;

 

// generated Java

 

// regular struct mapping for EmpName

 

// regular helper class mapping for EmpRec

 

 

final public class EmpName {

 

        ...

 

}

 

public class EmpRecHelper {

 

        ...

 

}