| List
of Plates |
| Lecture
2: “Art and Religion in the Roman World.” |
| For
some of the works shown in the first two lectures, see Stokstad,
figs. 1.4, 2.2 and 2.3. For a good account of the religions of the
Roman world and their art, see Jas´ Elsner, Imperial Rome
and Christian Triumph, 199-235. For the architecture and paintings
of Dura Europos see André Grabar, The Beginnings of Christian
Art, 59-79; Kurt Weitzmann, ed., Age of Spirituality
(the catalogue), 366-74, 393-93, and 404-5; and Richard Krautheimer,
Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, 1-12. |
| 1.
Dura-Europos, Syria, founded ca. 300 BCE,
destroyed 256 CE, views of the Euphrates River and the ruins of
the citadel |
| 2.
Dura-Europos, founded ca. 300 BCE, destroyed
256 CE, view of the western wall and the ruins of the synagogue |
| 3.
Map of Dura-Europos, Syria, founded ca.
300 BCE, destroyed 256 CE |
| 4.
Artemis of Ephesus, marble copy of the original
wooden cult statue (now lost), made in the early 2nd century CE
and found in Ephesus (Turkey, Ephesus Museum) |
| 5.
Mithras Slaying the Bull, cult niche from
the Mithraeum at Dura-Europos, Syria, gypsum, reliefs dedicated
168 and 171 CE, surrounding paintings ca. 250 CE (New Haven, Yale
University Art Gallery) |
| 6.
Mithras Slaying the Bull, limestone relief
from the cult niche of a Mithraeum, ca. 150-200 CE (Cincinnati Art
Museum) |
| 7.
Mithras Hunting, wall painting from the
Mithraeum at Dura-Europos, Syria, ca. 250 CE? (New Haven, Yale
University Art Gallery)
|
| 8.
Plans of the early and later synagogue, Dura-Europos,
Syria; early synagogue ca. 200 CE, later synagogue enlarged ca.
240 CE |
| 9.
Assembly hall of the synagogue at Dura-Europos,
Syria, showing the Torah shrine, paintings ca. 240-56 CE (Damascus
Museum, Syria) |
| 10.
Scheme of the wall paintings in the synagogue
at Dura-Europos, Syria, ca. 240-56 CE |
| 11.
The Prophet Ezra, wall painting in the synagogue
at Dura-Europos, Syria, ca. 240-56 CE (Damascus Museum, Syria) |
| 12.
The Triumph of Mordecai (Purim) (detail);
wall painting in the synagogue at Dura-Europos, Syria, ca. 240-56
CE (Damascus Museum, Syria) |
| 13.
The Parting of the Red Sea (above); the Abandoned
Temple (below), wall paintings in the synagogue at Dura-Europos,
Syria, ca. 240-56 CE (Damascus Museum, Syria) |
| 14.
The Temple of Dagon Devastated by the Ark (above);
The Childhood of Moses (below), wall painting in the synagogue
at Dura-Europos, Syria, ca. 240-56 CE (Damascus Museum, Syria) |
| 15.
Plan of the house church (domus ecclesia;
titulus), Dura-Europos, Syria, before and after reconstruction,
before 256 CE |
| 16.
Isometric reconstruction of the house church
(domus ecclesia; titulus), Dura-Europos, Syria, before 256 CE |
| 17.
Dura-Europos, Syria, found ca. 300 BCE,
destroyed 256 CE, remains of the Christian house church (domus ecclesia;
titulus) |
| 18.
The bapistery of the house church (domus
ecclesia; titulus), Dura-Europos, Syria, before 256 CE, interior
view showing the Women at the Tomb? Female initiates? (New Haven,
Yale University Art Gallery) |
| 19.
The Good Shepherd and his flock; The Fall of
Man, wall paintings in the baptistery of the house church (domus
ecclesia; titulus), Dura-Europos, Syria, before 256 CE (New Haven,
Yale University Art Gallery) |
| 20.
Jesus and St. Peter Walking on the Water (from
‘Matthew’ 14), wall painting in the baptistery of
the house-church (domus ecclesia; titulus), Dura-Europos, Syria,
before 256 CE (New Haven, Yale University Art Gallery) |
| Terms
and concepts (from lectures 1 & 2): |
the
Trinity (God the Father, Jesus the Son, the Holy Spirit);
triune
the Gospels (composed ca. 70-150 CE and attributed to Matthew,
Mark, Luke and John)
Second Commandment (Exodus 20:4-5)
verism; realism
illusionism
naturalism
Parthians
Sassanians
peripteral temple
syncretism/ syncretic
Mithras/ Mithraism
Zoroastrianism
mystery religion
abstraction
scripture
Torah shrine
Torah = “instructions” (the books of Genesis,
Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy of the Hebrew scriptures)
the holiday of Purim – Queen Esther, King Ahasuerus,
Mordecai, Haman
continuous narrative |
|
| Lecture
3: “Catacombs and Sarcophagi.” |
| For
some of the works shown in this lecture, see Stokstad, figs. 2.5,
2.6 and 2.8. For good discussions of the imagery of the Roman catacombs
and sarcophagi, see J. Stevenson, The Catacombs; André Grabar,
Christian Iconography: A Study of Its Origins; André
Grabar, The Beginnings of Christian Art, 200-395; Kurt
Weitzmann, ed., Age of Spirituality, 396-426; Robert Milburn,
Early Christian Art and Architecture, 19-43, 58-65; W.
F. Volbach, Early Christian Art, selected plates and catalogue
entries; and James Snyder, Medieval Art, 14-26. |
| 21.
Galleries and loculi, Catacomb
of Callixtus, 2nd/3rd century CE, Rome |
| 22.
Tomb slab, marble, 4th century CE, from
a Roman catacomb (Lateran Museum, Rome); the inscription reads:
“Kalimere (Good day), may God refresh your soul,
together with that of your sister, Hilara.” |
| 23.
Cubiculum (the “Oceanus Crypt”),
Catacomb of Callixtus, late 3rd century CE, Rome |
| 24.
Cubiculum (the “Sacraments
Chapel”), Catacomb of Callixtus, late 3rd century CE, Rome |
| 25.
Still-life, from the Tomb of Clodius Hermes,
Catacomb of San Sebastiano, fresco, late 2nd century? CE, Rome |
| 26.
Fish and Bread, in the “Crypt of Lucina,”
Catacomb of Callixtus, fresco, early 3rd century CE, Rome |
| 27.
The Good Shepherd, in the “Crypt of
Lucina,” Catacomb of Callixtus, fresco, early 3rd century
CE, Rome |
| 28.
The Good Shepherd, in the “Crypt of
Lucina,” Catacomb of Callixtus, fresco, early 3rd century
CE, Rome, detail |
| 29.
Funerary Banquet, Catacomb of SS Petrus
and Marcellinus, fresco, end 3rd century CE, Rome |
| 30.
Funerary Banquet/Eucharist?, Catacomb of
Callixtus, fresco, 3rd century CE, Rome |
| 31.
The Three Young Men in the Fiery Furnace,
Catacomb of Priscilla, fresco, late 3rd century CE, Rome |
| 32.
Alexandra Orante (“Alexandra in pace”),
tomb slab, marble, 3rd century CE, Rome |
| 33.
Orante (called the “Donna Velata”
or “Veiled Lady”), from the Cubiculum of the “Donna
Velata,” Catacomb of Priscilla, fresco, 3rd century CE, Rome |
| 34.
Orante (called the “Donna Velata”
or “Veiled Lady”), from the Cubiculum of the “Donna
Velata,” Catacomb of Priscilla, fresco, 3rd century CE, Rome,
detail |
| 35.
Bacchus/Dionysos and the Four Seasons, marble,
ca. 220-30 CE, Rome (Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY) |
| 36.
Bacchus/Dionysos and the Four Seasons, marble,
ca. 220-30 CE, Rome (Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY), detail |
| 37.
Good Shepherds and Vine Harvest, marble,
late 3rd century CE, Rome (Lateran Museum, Rome) |
| 38.
Sarcophagus with the Story of Jonah and other
scenes, marble, late 3rd century CE, Rome (Vatican Museum, Rome) |
| 39.
Sarcophagus of Arria (Endymion Sarcophagus),
marble, 3rd century CE, Rome (Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY) |
| 40.
Sarcophagus of Arria (Endymion Sarcophagus),
marble, 3rd century CE, Rome (Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY), detail |
| 41.
Sarcophagus of Sta. Maria Antiqua, marble,
ca. 270 CE, Rome (Rome, Sta. Maria Antiqua) |
| 42.
Sarcophagus of Sta. Maria Antiqua, marble,
ca. 270 CE, Rome (Rome, Sta. Maria Antiqua), detail of Jonah |
| 43.
Sarcophagus of Sta. Maria Antiqua, marble,
ca. 270 CE, Rome (Rome, Sta. Maria Antiqua), detail of the Orante
and the Christian Philosopher |
| 44.
Sarcophagus of Sta. Maria Antiqua, marble,
ca. 270 CE, Rome (Rome, Sta. Maria Antiqua), detail of the Good
Shepherd, the Baptism of Christ, and Fruit Pickers |
| 45.
Sarcophagus of a Philosopher, marble, ca.
270-80 CE, Rome (Vatican Museum, Rome) |
| 46.
Four Statuettes of Jonah; The Good Shepherd,
marble, from Turkey, ca. 265-70 CE (Cleveland, Museum of Art) |
| 47.
Jonah Swallowed by the Whale, marble, from
Turkey, ca. 265-70 CE (Cleveland, Museum of Art) |
| 48.
Jonah Cast Up by the Whale, marble, from
Turkey, ca. 265-70 CE (Cleveland, Museum of Art) |
| Terms
and concepts |
catacombs
loculus (loculi)
cubiculum (cubicula)
multivalent
image-sign
IXTHYS (ICHTHYS) – “fish” (Greek); acronym
for “Jesus Christ, Son of God, Savior”
sacraments (Baptism, the Eucharist, etc.)
Eucharist – “thanksgiving” (Greek)
Transubstantiation
the Mass
the Feeding of the Five Thousand
expressionism/ expressionistic
orans; orante
the Three Young Men in the Fiery Furnace; Jonah and the Whale
(from the Book of Daniel)
typology/ typological symbolism
hierarchical scale |
|
| Lecture
4: Catacombs and Sarcophagi continued/ "Christ Chameleon" |
| For
some of the images shown in this lecture, see Stokstad, fig. 2.9;
and Smith, “Inventing Marital Chastity,” figs. 2-5,
8, 10-12, 15 and 16. For the idea of “Christ Chameleon”
and some syncretic images of Jesus, see Thomas F. Mathews, The
Clash of Gods, esp. pp. 54-91, 115-141. |
| 49.
The Exoneration of Susanna by Daniel; The Accusation
of Susanna by the Elders, Catacomb of Priscilla, fresco, ca.
250 CE, Rome |
| 50.
The Accusation of Susanna by the Elders,
Catacomb of Priscilla, fresco, ca. 250 CE, Rome |
| 51.
Orante in Paradise, Major Catacomb, fresco,
end 3rd century, Rome |
| 52.
Susanna and the Elders, Catacomb of SS Petrus
and Marcellinus, fresco, ca. 300, Rome |
| 53.
Susanna and the Elders, detail, Catacomb
of SS Petrus and Marcellinus, fresco, ca. 300, Rome |
54.
“Susanna” Sarcophagus, marble,
ca. 350 CE, found near Arles (France), made in Italy
(Arles, Musée de l’Art Chrétien) |
| 55.
Susanna and the Elders, detail, from the
“Susanna” Sarcophagus, marble, ca. 350 CE, found near
Arles (France), made in Italy (Arles, Musée de l’Art
Chrétien) |
| 56.
Daniel’s Judgment of Susanna and the Elders,
detail of a sarcophagus lid, marble, second third of the 4th century
CE, Rome (Rome, Museo Pio Cristiano, no. 136) |
| 57.
Susanna and the Elders, marble, in the wall
of the Church of San Felix, Gerona, from Spain, late 4th century
CE; from right to left: Susanna and the Elders; the allegations
against and arrest of Susanna; the condemnation of Susanna; the
exoneration of Susanna by Daniel; the punishment of the Elders |
| 58.
The Good Shepherd, marble, 4th century CE
(Vatican Museum) |
| 59.
The Good Shepherd, marble, 4th century CE
(Vatican Museum) |
| 60.
Apollo Belvedere, Roman marble copy, probably
of a Greek original of the late 4th century BCE (Musei Vaticani,
Museo Pio Clementino, Cortile Ottagono) |
| 61.
Orpheus, grave vessel, marble, 5th century
CE, from Greece (Athens, Byzantine Museum) |
| 62.
Christ-Orpheus, Catacomb of Domitilla, fresco,
3rd century CE, Rome |
| 63.
Hercules restores Alcestis to Admetus, Via
Latina Catacomb, fresco, later 4th century CE, Rome |
| 64.
Christ-Helios, from the vault of the Tomb
of the Julii, under St. Peter’s Rome, mosaic, late 3rd/early
4th century CE |
| 65.
Asclepius with Telesporus, marble, 02nd
century CE, Roman (Rome, Borghese Museum) |
| 66.
Sarcophagus fragment with miracle scenes,
marble, ca. 300-310 CE, Rome (Rome, Museo Nazionale delle Terme);
from left to right: the Cure of the Woman with an Issue of Blood;
the Sermon on the Mount; the Cure of the Paralytic; the Cure of
the Leper |
| 67.
Moses Striking Water from the Rock, Catacomb
of Callixtus, fresco, 4th century CE, Rome |
| 68.
“Trees” sarcophagus, marble,
ca. 360, made in Rome (Arles, Musée Réattu); from
left to right: the Raising of Lazarus; the Cure of the Woman with
an Issue of Blood; the Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes; Orante
between Apostles?; the Miracle at Cana; the Cure of the Blind Man;
the Cure of the Paralytic |
| Terms
and concepts |
Orpheus
and Eurydice; Hades
Sol Invictus (the Invincible Sun)
pallium |
|
| Lecture
5: "Art and Architecture under Constantine." |
| For
some of the monuments shown in this lecture, see Stokstad, figs.
2.12-2.14, 2.16-2.18, 2.20, 2.22 and 2.23. For the Arch of Constantine
and aspects of the early Christian architecture shown in this lecture,
see Richard Krautheimer, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture,
17-44; Ronald Milburn, Early Christian Art and Architecture, 94-119;
and James Snyder, Medieval Art, 27-39. |
| 69.
The Tetrarchs, porphyry, St. Mark’s,
Venice, ca. 305 CE |
| 70.
Head of Constantine I, from the colossal
statue in the Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine (the Basilica
Nova), Rome, marble, ca. 315-30 CE (Rome, Palazzo dei Conservatori) |
| 71.
Arch of Constantine, concrete and marble,
ca. 312-15, Rome |
| 72.
Arch of Constantine, concrete and marble,
ca. 312-15, Rome, plan of the reliefs |
| 73.
Arch of Constantine, concrete and marble,
ca. 312-15 CE, Rome, detail showing Trajanic statues and Aurelian
reliefs in the attic of the arch |
| 74.
The Emperor Addressing his Troops, Aurelian
relief (2nd century CE) on the Arch of Constantine, concrete and
marble, ca. 312-15 CE, Rome |
| 75.
Arch of Constantine, concrete and marble,
ca. 312-15 CE, Rome, detail showing a recut head of Constantine
I |
| 76.
Arch of Constantine, concrete and marble, ca. 312-15 CE, Rome, detail
showing Hadrianic roundels (The Emperor on a
Boar Hunt; The Emperor Sacrifices to Apollo) and the Constantinian
frieze |
| 77.
The Emperor distributes Largesse, detail
of the Constantinian frieze (the north frieze) of the Arch of Constantine,
marble, ca. 312-15 CE, Rome |
| 78.
Arch of Constantine, concrete and marble, ca. 312-15 CE, Rome, detail
showing the Constantinian Medallion of the Rising
Sun from the east side of the arch |
| 79.
San Lorenzo fuori le Mura, ca. 330 CE, Rome,
reconstruction of the covered funerary basilica and underground
memoria |
| 80.
Old St. Peter’s, Rome, ca. 317-333
CE, atrium ca. 390 CE; plan |
| 81.
Old St. Peter’s, Rome, ca. 317-333
CE, atrium ca. 390 CE; plan in relation to the Circus of Nero and
New St. Peter’s |
| 82.
The Shrine of St. Peter, marble, late 2nd
century CE, Rome |
| 83.
Old St. Peter’s, Rome, ca. 317-333
CE, atrium ca. 390 CE; reconstruction of the Constantinian apse,
including the baldachino and the new memorial to St. Peter |
| 84.
Old St. Peter’s, Rome, ca. 317-333
CE, atrium ca. 390 CE; reconstruction of the Constantinian structure |
| 85.
Old St. Peter’s, Rome, ca. 317-333
CE, atrium ca. 390 CE the atrium, pinecone fountain, entrance portico
and façade, in an engraving by J. Grimaldi |
| 86.
Old St. Peter’s, Rome, ca. 317-333
CE, atrium ca. 390 CE; interior of the nave, in a drawing by J.
Grimaldi |
| 87.
Old St. Peter’s, Rome, ca. 317-333
CE, atrium ca. 390 CE; reconstruction of the transept showing the
Constantinian baldachino |
| 88.
The Pola Casket, ivory, ca. 400-30 CE, relief
panel showing the Constantinian arrangement of the baldachino and
shrine of St. Peter in Old St. Peter’s, Rome |
| 89.
Sta. Sabina, Rome, 422-32 CE, plan |
| 90.
Sta. Sabina, Rome, 422-32 CE, exterior showing
the apse |
| 91.
Sta. Sabina, Rome, 422-32 CE, interior toward
the entrance |
| 92.
Sta. Sabina, Rome, 422-32 CE, interior toward
the apse |
| 93.
Sta. Sabina, Rome, 422-32 CE, detail of
the nave arcade showing opus sectile decoration |
| 94.
Plan of the Sant’Agnese cemeterial complex,
Rome, showing Sta. Costanza, ca. 337-59 CE |
| 95.
Sta. Costanza, Rome, ca. 350 CE, longitudinal
section |
| 96.
Sta. Costanza, Rome, ca. 350 CE, plan |
| 97.
Sta. Costanza, Rome, ca. 350 CE, façade |
| 98.
Sta. Costanza, Rome, ca. 350 CE, exterior
view |
| 99.
Sta. Costanza, Rome, ca. 350 CE, interior
view |
| 100.
Sta. Costanza, Rome, ca. 350 CE, view of
the ambulatory |
| 101.
Lateran Baptistery, Rome, begun ca. 315;
enlarged by Pope Sixtus III (r. 432-40) and later, exterior view |
| 102.
Lateran Baptistery, Rome, begun ca. 315;
enlarged by Pope Sixtus III (r. 432-40) and later, longitudinal
section after an engraving by A. Lafreri |
| 103.
Lateran Baptistery, Rome, begun ca. 315;
enlarged by Pope Sixtus III (r. 432-40) and later, interior showing
font |
| Terms
and concepts |
Diocletian
(r. 284-305); the Tetrarchy (“rule of four”)
--augustus (augusti); caesars
Constantius I (d. 306)
Constantine I (r. 306-37)
Chi-rho monogram
Battle of the Milvian Bridge (vs. Maxentius), 312
Edict of Milan (with Licinius), 313
spolia; spoliation
the “Good Emperors”: Trajan, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius
(2nd century CE)
Basilica Ulpia (in the Forum of Trajan)
basilica (“hall”)
longitudinal plan
nave; aisles; apse; clerestory
funerary/memorial basilica
martyr (Greek, “witness”)
hairpin plan
ambulatory
shed roof
martyrium (tomb church)
transept
baldachino
colonnade
arcade
parish church
mausoleum
central plan
round arch; barrel vault; groin vault
cathedra (Greek, “seat” – of the bishop,
of the diocese) |
|
| Lecture
6: “Developments in the Christian Capitals” |
| For
some of the works shown in this lecture, see Stokstad, figs. 2.10
and 2.25. For good discussions of themes and developments after
the legalization of Christianity, see André Grabar, The
Beginnings of Christian Art, 147-278 (all media); Robert Milburn,
Early Christian Art and Architecture, 145-78 (includes
catacomb painting and sarcophagi); and selected monuments in Kurt
Weitzmann, ed., Age of Spirituality (the catalogue) and
W. F. Volbach, Early Christian Art. |
| 104.
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, marble, 359
CE, from the Grottoes of St. Peter, Rome (Rome, Vatican Museum) |
| 105.
The Fall of Man, detail from the Sarcophagus
of Junius Bassus, marble, 359 CE, from the Grottoes of St. Peter,
Rome (Rome,Vatican Museum) |
| 106.
Christ Giving the Law to Peter and Paul (Traditio
Legis); The Entry into Jerusalem, details from the Sarcophagus
of Junius Bassus, marble, 359 CE, from the Grottoes of St. Peter,
Rome (Rome, Vatican Museum) |
| 107.
Christ Giving the Law to Peter and Paul (Traditio
Legis), detail from the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, marble,
359 CE, from the Grottoes of St. Peter, Rome (Rome, Vatican Museum) |
| 108.
Gold-glass bowl with Peter and Paul, found
in a catacomb, early 4th century (Rome, Vatican, Museo Cristiano) |
| 109.
Traditio Legis/ Mission of the Apostles,
back face of the Sarcophagus of Sant’Ambrogio, marble, ca.
380 CE (Sant’Ambrogio, Milan) |
| 110.
“Alexamenos worships his god,”
graffito and inscription from the Palatine, Rome, ca. 200 CE (Rome,
Terme Museum) |
| 111.
“Passion” Sarcophagus, marble,
Rome, later 4th century (Rome, Lateran Museum) |
| 112.
Plaques with Passion scenes, above: Pilate
Washing his Hands, Christ Carrying the Cross, the Denial of Peter;
below: The Suicide of Judas, the Crucifixion,
ivory, made in Rome? Northern Italy? France?, ca. 420 CE (London,
British Museum) |
| 113.
Map of Constantinople showing monuments
of the Constantinian and Theodosian periods |
| Terms
and concepts |
Council
of Nicaea (325 CE)
Simon of Cyrene
Christus Triumphans (triumphant Christ)
324 – Constantine’s defeat of Licinus
Byzantium (Byzantion) = Constantinople (“Constantinople
the New Rome”)
Church of the Holy Apostles
cenotaph |
|
| Lecture
7: “Painting and Mosaic, Mainly in Rome, 4th-6th Centuries.” |
| For
some of the works associated with this lecture, see Stokstad, figs.
2.18 and 2.26-2.28 and Mathews, “Larger-than-Life.”
See #109 of this website for the back face of the Sarcophagus of
Sant’Ambrogio. For further discussion of early Christian mosaic
and painting in Rome, see Robert Milburn, Early Christian Art
and Architecture, 215-24, and James Snyder, Medieval Art,
40-65. |
| 114.
Birds, Fruit and Various Objects, detail
of the ambulatory vault mosaic, Sta. Costanza, Rome, ca. 350 CE |
| 115.
Putti Harvesting Grapes and Portrait of Constantina,
detail of the ambulatory vault mosaic, Sta. Costanza, Rome, ca.
350 CE |
| 116.
Portrait of Constantina, detail of the
ambulatory vault mosaic, Sta. Costanza, Rome, ca. 350 CE |
| 117.
Old St. Peter’s, Rome, decorated
ca. 440-61 under Pope Leo the Great, right wall of the nave with
Old Testament scenes, prophets and angels; in a 17thc painting by
Tasselli |
| 118.
Old St. Peter’s, Rome, decorated ca. 440-61 under Pope Leo
the Great, copy of the mosaic in the apse showing Christ
between Peter and Paul |
| 119.
Old St. Peter’s, Rome, decorated ca. 440-61 under Pope Leo
the Great, copy of the mosaic in the apse showing Christ
between Peter and Paul |
| 120.
Christ Enthroned among his Apostles, apse
mosaic, Sta. Pudenziana, Rome, ca. 400 CE |
| 121.
Christ Enthroned among his Apostles, apse
mosaic, Sta. Pudenziana, Rome, ca. 400 CE, detail |
| 122.
Missorium of Theodosius, repoussé
and engraved silver, 388, found in Estremadura, Spain (Madrid, Academia
de la Historia) |
| 123.
Missorium of Theodosius, repoussé
and engraved silver, 388, found in Estremadura, Spain, detail (Madrid,
Academia de la Historia) |
| 124.
Christ Teaching among his Apostles, front
face of the Sarcophagus of Sant’Ambrogio, marble, ca. 380
CE (Sant’Ambrogio, Milan) |
| 125.
Sta. Maria Maggiore, Rome, rebuilt ca.
432-40 CE under Pope Sixtus III and Leo the Great (as archdeacon),
plan |
| 126.
Sta. Maria Maggiore, Rome, rebuilt ca.
432-40 CE under Pope Sixtus III and Leo the Great (as archdeacon),
showing Renaissance ceiling and other alterations |
| 127.
Sta. Maria Maggiore, Rome, rebuilt ca.
432-40 CE under Pope Sixtus III and Leo the Great (as archdeacon),
reconstruction |
| 128.
Sta. Maria Maggiore, Rome, rebuilt ca.
432-40 CE under Pope Sixtus III and Leo the Great (as archdeacon),
detail of the Ionic columns in the nave |
| 129.
Abraham and Melchizedek, mosaic in the
nave, Sta. Maria Maggiore, Rome, rebuilt ca. 432-40 CE under Pope
Sixtus III and Leo the Great (as archdeacon) |
| 130.
Abraham and the Three Men at Mambre, mosaic
in the nave, Sta. Maria Maggiore, Rome, rebuilt ca. 432-40 CE under
Pope Sixtus III and Leo the Great (as archdeacon) |
| 131.
Isaac Blessing Jacob, mosaic in the nave,
Sta. Maria Maggiore, Rome, rebuilt ca. 432-40 CE under Pope Sixtus
III and Leo the Great (as archdeacon) |
| 132.
Moses and the Israelites Crossing the Red Sea,
mosaic in the nave, Sta. Maria Maggiore, Rome, rebuilt ca. 432-40
CE under Pope Sixtus III and Leo the Great (as archdeacon) |
| 133.
Triumphal arch with New Testament scenes,
mosaic, Sta. Maria Maggiore, Rome, rebuilt ca. 432-40 CE under Pope
Sixtus III and Leo the Great (as archdeacon) |
| 134.
Master teaching his pupils; Orante (called
the “Donna Velata” or “Veiled Lady”); Mother
and Child (Mary?), from the Cubiculum of the “Donna Velata,”
Catacomb of Priscilla, fresco, 3rd century CE, Rome |
| 135.
Mother and Child (Mary?), from the Cubiculum
of the “Donna Velata,” Catacomb of Priscilla, fresco,
3rd century CE, Rome |
| 136.
Sarcophagus of Adelphia, marble, ca. 340
CE (Syracuse, National Museum) |
| 137.
Adoration of the Magi, detail of the Sarcophagus
of Adelphia, marble, ca. 340 CE (Syracuse, National Museum) |
| 138.
Annunciation (above)/ Adoration of the Magi/
Massacre of the Innocents, detail of the left side of the mosaic
on the triumphal arch, Sta. Maria Maggiore, Rome, rebuilt ca. 432-40
CE under Pope Sixtus III and Leo the Great (as archdeacon) |
| 139.
Massacre of the Innocents (above)/ Lambs in
front of the City of Jerusalem (below), detail of the left side
of the mosaic on the triumphal arch, Sta. Maria Maggiore, Rome,
rebuilt ca. 432-40 CE under Pope Sixtus III and Leo the Great (as
archdeacon) |
| 140.
Empty Throne, Evangelist Symbols and Peter
and Paul, detail of the mosaic on the apex of the triumphal
arch, Sta. Maria Maggiore, Rome, rebuilt ca. 432-40 CE under Pope
Sixtus III and Leo the Great (as archdeacon) |
| Terms
and concepts |
mosaic;
tesserae
sella curulis
Vision of Ezekiel (from the OT book of Ezekiel)
Book of Revelation (NT)
mandorla
Council of Ephesus (431)
Theotokos (“Godbearer”)
Pope Gregory I (Gregory the Great; r. 590-604); Letter to
Bishop Serenus of Marseille |
|
| Lecture
8: Arts of Pilgrimage and Monasticism: Some Key Early Monuments |
| For
some of the works associated with this lecture (architecture and
other arts), see Stokstad, fig. 219, and the relevant illustrations
in Gary Vikan’s “Byzantine Pilgrims’ Art.”
For the Holy Sepulcher complex in Jerusalem and the monastic complex
at Qal’at Sem’an, including the Church of St. Symeon
Stylites the Elder, see Richard Krautheimer, Early Christian
and Byzantine Architecture, 36-44, 105-16. For ampullae and
other objects and images associated with pilgrimage, see Kurt Weitzmann,
ed., Age of Spirituality (the catalogue), 564-91. For the
arts and architecture of pilgrimage and monasticism see also James
Snyder, Medieval Art, 72-78. |
| 141.
Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem (Palestine),
plan and reconstruction of the site and its structures, 4th century
CE |
| 142.
Basilica of the Resurrection, Holy Sepulcher,
Jerusalem (Palestine), begun 326 CE under Constantine I, isometric
reconstruction |
| 143.
Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem (Palestine),
reconstruction of the site and its structures as of the late 4th
century CE, showing the Basilica of the Resurrection, Calvary/Golgotha
and Theodosius’ cross, and the Anastasis Rotunda |
| 144.
Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem (Palestine),
plan of the site and its structures as of the late 4th century CE,
showing the Basilica of the Resurrection, Calvary/Golgotha, and
the Anastasis Rotunda over Constantine’s Holy Sepulcher shrine |
| 145.
Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem (Palestine),
model (by Wilkinson) of Constantine I’s early 4th-century
CE shrine |
| 146.
Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem (Palestine),
plan of the site and its structures as of the late 4th/early 5th
century CE |
| 147.
Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem (Palestine),
interior of the Anastasis Rotunda as of the 5th/6th century CE,
in a later drawing |
| 148.
Reliquary box with scenes from the Life and
Passion of Christ, painted wood, late 6th/early 7th century
CE, formerly in the Sancta Sanctorum of the Lateran Palace, Rome
(Rome, Museo Sacro Cristiano) |
| 149.
Reliquary box with scenes from the Life and Passion of Christ, painted
wood, late 6th/early 7th century CE, formerly in the Sancta Sanctorum
of the Lateran Palace, Rome (Rome, Museo Sacro Cristiano), detail
of the lid showing (from left to right and bottom to top): The
Nativity; The Baptism of Christ; the Crucifixion; The Women at the
Tomb; the Ascension of Christ |
| 150.
Pilgrim’s ampulla with the Crucifixion
and the Women at the Tomb, lead, late 6th
century CE, from Palestine (Washington, DC, Dumbarton Oaks Collection) |
| 151.
Pilgrim’s ampulla with the Adoration
of the Magi, silver, late 6th/early 7th century CE, from Palestine
(Monza, Cathedral Treasury) |
| 152.
St. Symeon Stylites the Elder, votive plaque,
silver gilt repoussé, late 6th/early 7th century CE (Paris,
Louvre) |
| 153.
Qal’at Sem’an, Syria, plan of the
monastery and church of St. Symeon Stylites, built ca. 470-90
CE under the Emperor Zeno |
| 154.
Qal’at Sem’an, Syria, perspective
view of the monastic complex, including the church of St. Symeon
Stylites, built ca. 470-90 CE under the Emperor Zeno |
| 155.
Qal’at Sem’an, Syria, reconstruction
of the church of St. Symeon Stylites, built ca. 470-90 CE under
the Emperor Zeno |
| 156.
Qal’at Sem’an, Syria, church of
St. Symeon Stylites, built ca. 470-90 CE under the Emperor Zeno,
view from the Northeast |
| 157.
Qal’at Sem’an, Syria, church of St.
Symeon Stylites, built ca. 470-90 CE under the Emperor Zeno,
entrance porch of the southern basilica |
| 158.
Qal’at Sem’an, Syria, church of
St. Symeon Stylites, built ca. 470-90 CE under the Emperor Zeno,
the octagonal court and Symeon’s column |
| 159.
Qal’at Sem’an, Syria, church of
St. Symeon Stylites, built ca. 470-90 CE under the Emperor Zeno,
the apse of the eastern basilica |
| 160.
Vision of Ezekiel, mosaic in the apse of
the church of Hosios David, Latmos Monastery, Thessaloniki (Greece),
ca. 450-70 CE |
| Terms
and concepts |
primary
relic; secondary relic; contact relic
Helena, mother of Constantine
the True Cross
galleries
anastasis (Greek, “resurrection”)
Golgotha (“the place of the skull”); Calvary
Mt. Olivet (site of the Ascension)
mimesis
reliquary
colobium
monk (der. Greek “monos” = “alone”);
monasticism
--eremitic monasticism
--cenobitic monasticism
votive offering (thanks-offering) |
|
| Lecture
9: Manuscripts and Ivories (and Silver) |
| For
some of the works shown in this lecture, see Stokstad, figs. 2.21,
2.25, 3.25 and 3.26. For early Christian manuscripts, including
many of the images shown in this lecture, see Kurt Weitzmann, Late
Antique and Early Christian Book Illumination, 9-30 and the
plates and commentaries for the individual manuscripts; and Robert
Milburn, Early Christian Art and Architecture, 291-301.
For ivories and silver (luxury arts) see Weitzmann, ed., Age
of Spirituality, the catalogue (individual objects and types
of objects organized in thematic sections); and Robert Milburn,
Early Christian Art and Architecture, 234-50. For manuscripts,
ivories and other works from the perspective of narrative, see James
Snyder, Medieval Art, 79-96. |
| 161.
Fragment of an illustrated Greek romance,
ink on papyrus, 2nd century CE (Paris, Bibliothèque nationale
de France, MS Suppl. Gr. 1294) |
| 162.
Scenes from the story of the prophet Samuel
and King Saul, miniature in the Quedlinburg Itala, illumination
on parchment, probably made in Rome, 5th century CE (Berlin, Deutsches
Staatsbibl. Cod. lat. F. 485, fol. 2r) (NOTE: for the instructions
to the illuminator written under the miniature, see Cecaelia Davis-Weyer,
Early Medieval Art 300-1150: Sources and Documents, 23-25) |
| 163.
Aeneas and Achates before the Sybil, miniature
in the Vatican Virgil, illumination on parchment, probably made
in Rome, 5th century CE (Rome, BAV lat. 3225, fol. 45v) |
| 164.
Dedication Portrait of Anicia Juliana,
miniature in the Vienna Dioscurides, gold and illumination on parchment,
made in Constantinople ca. 512 CE (Vienna, Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek,
cod. med. Gr. 1, fol. 6v) |
| 165.
Author Portrait: Dioscurides at Work, miniature
in the Vienna Dioscurides, illumination on parchment, made in Constantinople
ca. 512 CE (Vienna, Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek, cod. med.
gr. 1, fol. 5v) |
| 166.
Violet, miniature in the Vienna Dioscurides,
illumination on parchment, made in Constantinople ca. 512 CE (Vienna,
Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek, cod. med. gr. 1, fol. 148v) |
| 167.
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel, miniature
in the Vienna Genesis, illumination and silver on purple-dyed parchment,
made in Constantinople? Antioch?, early 6th century CE (Vienna,
Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek, cod. theol. gr. 31, fol. 12v) |
| 168.
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel, miniature
in the Vienna Genesis, illumination and silver on purple-dyed parchment,
made in Constantinople? Antioch?, early 6th century CE (Vienna,
Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek, cod. theol. gr. 31, fol. 12v),
detail |
| 169.
Evangelist Portrait: Saint Mark, miniature
in the Rossano Gospels, gold and illumination on purple-dyed parchment,
made in Constantinople? Antioch?, early 6th century CE (Rossano
[Calabria], Rossano Cathedral, fol. 121r) |
| 170.
The Trial of Christ before Pilate, miniature
in the Rossano Gospels, gold and illumination on purple-dyed parchment,
made in Constantinople? Antioch?, early 6th century (Rossano [Calabria],
Rossano Cathedral, fol. 8v) |
| 171.
Christ Teaching the Apostles, one side
of a pyxis, ivory, made in Trier? ca. 400 CE (Berlin, State Museum) |
| 172.
Diptych of Boethius, ivory, made in 487,
probably from Rome (Brescia, Museo Civico) |
| 173.
Diptych of Boethius, ivory, made in 487,
probably from Rome (Brescia, Museo Civico), view of the side used
for writing |
| 174.
Priestess of Bacchus (or Dionysios), left
half of the Diptych of the Nichomachi and Symmachi, ivory, made
in Rome, ca. 390-400 CE (Paris, Cluny Museum) |
| 175.
Priestess of Bacchus (or Dionysios), right
half of the Diptych of the Nichomachi and Symmachi, ivory, made
in Rome, ca. 390-400 CE (London, Victoria & Albert Museum) |
| 176.
Lamb of God and Scenes from the Life of Christ,
five-part diptych? Book cover? (left half only), ivory, mid-5th
century CE, made in Rome or northern Italy (Milan, Cathedral Treasury) |
| 177.
The Three Women at the Tomb/ The Ascension,
ivory plaque, early 5th century (Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek)
|
| 178.
Projecta Casket, silver repoussé,
gilt and engraved, mid-4th century CE, made in Rome (London, British
Museum) |
| 179.
Projecta Casket, silver repoussé,
gilt and engraved, mid-4th century CE, made in Rome (London, British
Museum), detail of the lid |
| 180.
Projecta Casket, silver repoussé,
gilt and engraved, mid-4th century CE, made in Rome (London, British
Museum), detail of the back panel of the lid |
| Terms
and concepts |
codex
(pl. codices)
Itala (Old Latin Bible; early version of the Latin bible)
dedication page; dedication portrait
author portrait
Evangelist portrait
Sophia (Wisdom)
Barabbas
pyxis
consular diptych |
|
| Lecture
10: Art and Architecture in Ravenna from Galla Placidia to Theodoric |
| For
some of the monuments associated with this lecture see Stokstad,
figs. 2.29-2.33, 3.11 and 3.16. For the architecture and mosaic
of Ravenna see also Xavier Barral i Altet, The Early Middle Ages,
30-1 and 73-83; and James Snyder, Medieval Art, 111-18. For aspects
of mosaic decoration and the image of Jesus, see Thomas F. Mathews,
The Clash of Gods, 115-76. |
| 181.
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, ca.
425-50 CE, exterior |
| 182.
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, ca.
425-50 CE, view of the interior |
| 183.
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, ca.
425-50 CE, view of the mosaic in the vault and lunette of the north
arm |
| 184.
The Good Shepherd, lunette of the north
arm, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, mosaic, ca. 425-50 CE |
| 185.
St. Lawrence, lunette of the south arm,
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, mosaic, ca. 425-50 CE |
| 186.
St. Lawrence, lunette of the south arm,
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, mosaic, ca. 425-50 CE, detail |
| 187.
Stag drinking from the waters of Paradise,
lunette of the east or west arm, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna,
mosaic, ca. 425-50 CE, detail |
| 188.
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, ca.
425-50 CE, mosaic, detail of the geometric border of the vault |
| 189.
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, mosaic,
ca. 425-50 CE, view into the dome |
| 190.
Baptistery of the Orthodox, Ravenna, begun
late 4th century CE; remodeled and decorated ca. 450-60 CE under
Bishop Neon, exterior view |
| 191.
Baptistery of the Orthodox, Ravenna, begun
late 4th century CE; remodeled and decorated ca. 450-60 CE under
Bishop Neon, view of the interior |
| 192.
Baptistery of the Orthodox, Ravenna, begun
late 4th century CE; remodeled and decorated ca. 450-60 CE under
Bishop Neon, view of the interior arches in the lowest zone |
| 193.
Baptistery of the Orthodox, Ravenna, begun
late 4th century CE; remodeled and decorated ca. 450-60 CE under
Bishop Neon, view of the middle zone showing mosaic and stucco decoration |
| 194.
Baptistery of the Orthodox, Ravenna, begun
late 4th century CE; remodeled and decorated ca. 450-60 CE under
Bishop Neon, detail of the stucco prophets in the middle zone |
| 195.
Baptistery of the Orthodox, Ravenna, begun
late 4th century CE; remodeled and decorated ca. 450-60 CE under
Bishop Neon, mosaic niches containing gospel books and empty thrones |
| 196.
Baptistery of the Orthodox, Ravenna, begun
late 4th century CE; remodeled and decorated ca. 450-60 CE under
Bishop Neon, mosaic niches and processing apostles |
| 197.
Baptism of Christ, mosaic in the dome of
the Baptistery of the Orthodox, Ravenna, begun late 4th century
CE; remodeled and decorated ca. 450-60 CE under Bishop Neon |
| 198.
Mausoleum of Theodoric, stone, late 5th
century CE, Ravenna |
| 199.
Baptistery of the Arians, ca. 500 CE, detail
of the mosaic in the dome showing processing Apostles and the Baptism
of Christ |
| 200.
Baptism of Christ, mosaic in the dome of
the Baptistery of the Arians, ca. 500 CE |
| 201.
Baptism of Christ, mosaic in the dome of
the Baptistery of the Arians, ca. 500 CE, detail of Christ |
| 202.
Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, built
and decorated ca. 500 CE, view of the entrance narthex (remodeled
16th century; the bell tower is 9th or 10th century) |
| 203.
Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, built
and decorated ca. 500 CE, nave looking East |
| 204.
Prophets, Apostles, and scenes from the Life
of Christ, mosaics in the nave of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo,
Ravenna, built and decorated ca. 500 CE |
| 205.
Feeding of the 5,000 (Miracle of the Loaves
and Fishes), from the north wall of the nave of Sant’Apollinare
Nuovo, Ravenna, mosaic, ca. 500 CE |
| 206.
The Arrest of Christ, from the south wall
of the nave of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, mosaic, ca.
500 CE |
| 207.
The Last Supper, from the south wall of
the nave of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, mosaic, ca. 500
CE |
| 208.
The Port of Classis, north wall of the
nave of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, mosaic, ca. 500 CE |
| 209.
Procession of Female Martyrs, north wall
of the nave of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, mosaic, ca.
500 CE |
| 210.
Female Martyrs, north wall of the nave
of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, mosaic, ca. 500 CE |
| 211.
Procession of Female Martyrs/ Adoration of
the Magi, north wall of the nave of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo,
Ravenna, mosaic, ca. 500 CE |
| 212.
Adoration of the Magi (detail), north wall
of the nave of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, mosaic, ca.
500 CE |
| 213.
Virgin and Child Enthroned, north wall
of the nave of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, mosaic, ca.
500 CE |
| 214.
Palace of Theodoric, south wall of the
nave of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, mosaic, ca. 500 CE |
| 215.
Procession of Male Martyrs, south wall
of the nave of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, mosaic, ca.
500 CE |
| 216.
Male Martyrs, south wall of the nave of
Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, mosaic, ca. 500 CE |
| 217.
Male Martyrs/ St. Martin/ Christ Enthroned,
south wall of the nave of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna,
mosaic, ca. 500 CE |
| Terms
and concepts |
395
– Roman empire divided into East and West
476 – last emperor in the West
Goths
--Visigoths (Western Goths)
--Ostrogoths (Eastern Goths)
Vandals
Greek cross
blind arcade
Psalm 41: 1 (allegory of the hart panting after the fountains
of water)
Odovacer – King of the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy
(until 493)
Theodoric the Ostrogoth (Theodoric I; Theodoric the Great)
(r. 493-526)
narthex |
|
| Lecture
11: Justinian’s Constantinople |
| For
some of the monuments associated with this lecture see Stokstad,
figs. 3.1 and 3.4-3.8. For Hagia Sophia and Justinian’s architecture
in Constantinople, see Rowland J. Mainstone, Hagia Sophia; Robert
Ousterhout, “The Holy Space: Architecture and the Liturgy,”
81-120, in Linda Safran, ed., Heaven on Earth: Art and the Church
in Byzantium; Cyril Mango, Byzantine Architecture,
97-129; and Richard Krautheimer, Early Christian and Byzantine
Architecture, 149-70. |
| 218.
St. Polyeuktos, Constantinople, built ca.
524-7, commissioned by Princess Anicia Juliana, reconstruction drawing
looking east |
| 219.
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus,
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, built 532-7 under Emperor Justinian,
reconstruction 558ff; exterior from the south |
| 220.
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus,
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, built 532-7 under Emperor Justinian,
reconstruction 558ff; plan and section |
| 221.
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus,
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, built 532-7 under Emperor Justinian,
reconstruction 558ff; primary structural system |
| 222.
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus,
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, built 532-7 under Emperor Justinian,
reconstruction 558ff; isometric diagram of construction |
| 223.
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus,
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, built 532-7 under Emperor Justinian,
reconstruction 558ff; detail of the exterior |
| 224.
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus,
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, built 532-7 under Emperor Justinian,
reconstruction 558ff; interior of the narthex |
| 225.
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus,
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, built 532-7 under Emperor Justinian,
reconstruction 558ff; interior looking west |
| 226.
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus,
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, built 532-7 under Emperor Justinian,
reconstruction 558ff; interior looking east |
| 227.
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus,
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, built 532-7 under Emperor Justinian,
reconstruction 558ff; nave elevation |
| 228.
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus,
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, built 532-7 under Emperor Justinian,
reconstruction 558ff; marble revetment of the interior |
| 229.
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus,
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, built 532-7 under Emperor Justinian,
reconstruction 558ff; mosaic decoration of the gallery arcade |
| 230.
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus,
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, built 532-7 under Emperor Justinian,
reconstruction 558ff; basket capital |
| 231.
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus,
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, built 532-7 under Emperor Justinian,
reconstruction 558ff; view of the dome |
| 232.
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus,
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, built 532-7 under Emperor Justinian,
reconstruction 558ff; the dome |
| 233.
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus,
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, built 532-7 under Emperor Justinian,
reconstruction 558ff; probable arrangement of the liturgical furnishings |
| 234.
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus,
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, built 532-7 under Emperor Justinian,
reconstruction 558ff; main buttress piers with reinforcements |
| Terms
and concepts |
Justinian
I (r. 527-65)
Early Byzantine Period (527-867)
Monophysite
Nika Rebellion (532)
Caesarpropism
narthex
pendentive(s)
semi-dome
exedra (pl. exedrae)
screen wall
basket capital
chancel (choir)
First Entrance (Little Entrance)
Great Entrance
Neoplatonism
Plotinus (3rd century CE); “the One”, “the
Good”
Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite (late 5th/early 6th century
CE) |
|
| Lecture
12: Justinian’s Ravenna |
| For
the monuments associated with this lecture, see Stokstad, figs.
3.10, 3.12-3.14, 3.17-3.19. For the architecture and mosaics of
Justinianic Ravenna, see André Grabar, The Golden Age
of Justinian, 136-65; Cyril Mango, Byzantine Architecture,
129-43; and James Snyder, Medieval Art, 118-25. |
| 235.
San Vitale, Ravenna, founded in 526 under
Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8 under Justinian
and Archbishop Maximianus, plan |
| 236.
San Vitale, Ravenna, founded in 526 under
Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8 under Justinian
and Archbishop Maximianus, exterior |
| 237.
San Vitale, Ravenna, founded in 526 under
Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8 under Justinian
and Archbishop Maximianus, exterior |
| 238.
San Vitale, Ravenna, founded in 526 under
Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8 under Justinian
and Archbishop Maximianus, transverse section |
| 239.
San Vitale, Ravenna, founded in 526 under
Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8 under Justinian
and Archbishop Maximianus, interior |
| 240.
San Vitale, Ravenna, founded in 526 under
Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8 under Justinian
and Archbishop Maximianus, interior toward the chancel and apse |
| 241.
San Vitale, Ravenna, founded in 526 under
Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8 under Justinian
and Archbishop Maximianus, ambulatory |
| 242.
San Vitale, Ravenna, founded in 526 under
Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8 under Justinian
and Archbishop Maximianus, basket capital |
| 243.
San Vitale, Ravenna, founded in 526 under
Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8 under Justinian
and Archbishop Maximianus, view into the chancel |
| 244.
San Vitale, Ravenna, founded in 526 under
Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8 under Justinian
and Archbishop Maximianus, view of the chancel wall and vault |
| 245.
San Vitale, Ravenna, founded in 526 under
Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8 under Justinian
and Archbishop Maximianus, mosaics of the south wall of the chancel |
| 246.
Sacrifices of Abel and Melchizedek; Moses and
Isaiah, mosaics on the south wall of the chancel, San Vitale,
Ravenna, founded in 526 under Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius,
completed 546-8 under Justinian and Archbishop Maximianus |
| 247.
Sacrifices of Abel and Melchizedek, mosaics
on the south wall of the chancel, San Vitale, Ravenna, founded in
526 under Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8 under
Justinian and Archbishop Maximianus, detail of the altar |
| 248.
Chalice, vines and doves, mosaic from the
chancel wall, San Vitale, Ravenna, founded in 526 under Theodoric
and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8 under Justinian and Archbishop
Maximianus |
| 249.
Abraham and the Three Men at Mambre; Sacrifice
of Isaac, mosaics on the north wall of the chancel, San Vitale,
Ravenna, founded in 526 under Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius,
completed 546-8 under Justinian and Archbishop Maximianus |
| 250.
Lamb of God supported by angels, mosaics
in the vault of the chancel, San Vitale, Ravenna, founded in 526
under Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8 under
Justinian and Archbishop Maximianus |
| 251.
St. Vitalis and Bishop Ecclesius presented
to Christ, mosaic in the apse, San Vitale, Ravenna, founded
in 526 under Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8
under Justinian and Archbishop Maximianus |
| 252.
Christ on the Orb of the Universe, detail
of the mosaic in the apse, San Vitale, Ravenna, founded in 526 under
Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8 under Justinian
and Archbishop Maximianus |
| 253.
Archbishop Ecclesius presents a model of San
Vitale to Christ, detail of the mosaic in the apse, San Vitale,
Ravenna, founded in 526 under Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius,
completed 546-8 under Justinian and Archbishop Maximianus |
| 254.
Justinian’s First Entrance Procession,
mosaic on the north wall of the chancel, San Vitale, Ravenna, founded
in 526 under Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8
under Justinian and Archbishop Maximianus |
| 255.
Justinian’s First Entrance Processsion,
mosaic on the north wall of the chancel, San Vitale, Ravenna, founded
in 526 under Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8
under Justinian and Archbishop Maximianus |
| 256.
Theodora and her Attendants, mosaic on
the south wall of the chancel, San Vitale, Ravenna, founded in 526
under Theodoric and Archbishop Ecclesius, completed 546-8 under
Justinian and Archbishop Maximianus |
| 257.
Sant’Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna,
begun early 6th century, completed c. 549 under Archbishop Maximianus,
plan |
| 258.
Sant’Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna,
begun early 6th century, completed c. 549 under Archbishop Maximianus,
reconstruction showing atrium |
| 259.
Sant’Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna,
begun early 6th century, completed c. 549 under Archbishop Maximianus,
exterior from the west |
| 260.
Sant’Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna,
begun early 6th century, completed c. 549 under Archbishop Maximianus,
view of the narthex |
| 261.
Sant’Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna,
begun early 6th century, completed c. 549 under Archbishop Maximianus,
view toward the apse |
| 262.
Sant’Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna,
begun early 6th century, completed c. 549 under Archbishop Maximianus,
view of the apse |
| 263.
no slide for #263 |
| 264.
The Transfiguration, apse mosaic, Sant’Apollinare
in Classe, Ravenna, begun early 6th century, completed c. 549 under
Archbishop Maximianus, detail |
| 265.
The Transfiguration, apse mosaic, Sant’Apollinare
in Classe, Ravenna, begun early 6th century, completed c. 549 under
Archbishop Maximianus, detail |
| 266.
The Transfiguration, apse mosaic, Sant’Apollinare
in Classe, Ravenna, begun early 6th century, completed c. 549 under
Archbishop Maximianus, detail of St. Apollinaris |
| 267.
Bishop Ursicinus, mosaic in the apse, Sant’Apollinare
in Classe, Ravenna, begun early 6th century, completed c. 549 under
Archbishop Maximianus |
| Terms
and concepts |
damnatio
memoriae
palace church; palace chapel
SS Sergius and Bacchus (520s-36) – Justinian’s
palace chapel in Constantinople
squinch
paten
Transfiguration of Christ (Matthew 17: 1-8) |
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