Tourist Productions
http://www.nyu.edu/classes/bkg/tourist/tp05.htm
Always consult syllabus online for updates.
Fall 2005/ H42.1041 / Mondays 3:30-6:15

Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett
bkg@nyu.edu
Department of Performance Studies, New York University
721 Broadway, 6th fl, New York, NY 10003-6807S
Tel: 212-998-1620 / Fax: 212-254-7885

Course blog: to read blog, go to http://www.nyu.edu/classes/bkg/touristblog; to post, go to http://www.nyu.edu/classes/bkg/blogin/ and log on, using assigned password, which you will receive in email.
Course forum: to post, send email to touristproductions@forums.nyu.edu; to read archive, go to http://forums.nyu.edu and enter touristproductions when prompted for forum name.

A booming multinational industry, tourism is a powerful medium of encounter. There is hardly a place on earth not part of the recreational geography of tourism. This course will undertake a performance analysis of tourist productions, including trouist discourse, settings, events, experiences, and artifacts from an ethnographic perspective. An exemplary case of cultural invention and commodification, tourism is implicated in the histories of pilgrimage, travel, colonialism, and ethnography, retracing their itineraries and replicating their discourses. Tourism offers a particularly rich site for a critical engagement with theories of globalization, imperialism, experience, and identity.

We will pay special attention to the political economy of tourism as seen through a close analysis of actual sites. We will explore the infrastructure and interface of tourism as technologies in their own right. We will consider the problem of agency, the performance of ethnographic tropes, the theatricalization of the life world, shifting threshholds of wonder, the equivocal relationship of actualities and virtualities, "realness" as a mediated effect, imagineering and theming, the discourse of "experience," "immersion," and "world," the nature of "interactivitiy," and the banalization of memory, among others. Of particular interest are (1) tourism as an experience industry that engages the senses and emotions, and (2) the relationship between tourism and heritage in relation to cultural policy and development, from the perspectives of public history, public folklore, public art, and such agencies as UNESCO and the World Bank.

Readings
Texts for the course can be found at the NYU Book Center and Bobst Reserve Desk. See the Online Guide to Performance Studies for researcch resources, including bookstores in NYC and online booksellers.
Responses to the Readings. Write a short but pointed response to the readings (1-2 pages) and post the response on the course blog by Sunday 1:00 pm. Questions to guide the readings will be provided.

Books ordered for the course and placed on reserve at Bobst:
1. Bruner, Edward M. 2004. Culture on tour: ethnographies of travel. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
2. Coleman, Simon, and Mike Crang, eds. 2002. Tourism: between place and performance. New York : Berghahn Books.
3. Davis, Susan G. 1997. Spectacular Nature: Corporate Culture and the Sea World Experience. Berkeley and Los Angeles : University of California Press.
4. Fitzpatrick, Robert, ed. 2005. Universal experience: art, life and the tourist's eye. Chicago : Museum of Contemporary Art, DAP.
5. Franklin, Adrian . 2003. Tourism: an introduction. London and Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage.
6. Handler, Richard, and Eric Gable. 1997. The New History in an Old Museum : Creating the Past at Colonial Williamsburg . Durham : Duke University Press.
7. Kaye, Nick. 2000. Site-specific art: performance, place and documentation. New York : Routledge.
8. Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara. 1998. Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage. Los Angeles and Berkeley : University of California Press.
9. Lippard, Lucy R. 1999. On the beaten track tourism, art, and place. New York : New Press.
10. Long, Burke O. 2003. Imagining the Holy Land : maps, models, and fantasy travels . Bloomington : Indiana University Press.
11. Long, Lucy, ed. 2003. Culinary tourism.University Press of Kentucky.
12. MacCannell, Dean. 1989. The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. New York : Schocken Books.
13. Pearson, Mike, and Michael Shanks. 2001. Theatre/archaeology disciplinary dialogues. London , New York : Routledge.
14. Rojek, Chris, and John Urry, eds. 1997. Touring Cultures: Transformations of Travel and Theory. London : Routledge.
15. Urry, John. 2002. The tourist gaze. 2nd ed. London , Newbury Park : Sage Publications.

Assignments

1. Research Project (20 pages--DUE Wednesday December 7) The major assignment for the course is a research paper (preceded by a proposal and followed by an oral report). The paper is to be a case study of a particular tourist production (event or site), based on original research (field work, observation, interviews, documentation, archival research, and other kinds of primary sources). This project should combine rich empirical research with conceptualization and analysis informed by the readings, lectures, and discussion. You are encouraged to engage a theoretical problem, approach, or debate.

Collaborative projects are encouraged, as are experimental ones (accompanied by written reflections) such as soundwalks, audioguides, podwalks, misguides, psychogeographic experiments, urban exploration (also Jinx), and the like. Many tourist productions are large and complex, best studied by a team. Collaborations should be structured so that each party produces an identifiable component of the final project, but does so as part of a team.

2. Project Proposal (3 pages--DUE Monday October 17) The proposal should formulate a research question or working hypothesis, briefly describe the specific site that you will analyze, and explain how you will document the site. What is your plan of work? What you have done so far, what difficulties do you anticipate, and what help do you need? Your bibliography should include relevant theoretical literature as well as previous studies that might serve as a model for your project. Which items in your bibliography have you already read and how you intend to use them in your project? Provide a tentative outline for the paper.  Check the here for guidance on fieldwork and interviewing. You are encouraged to schedule a time to meet with me to discuss your paper topic.

For research ideas, check out tourist guidebooks to New York City, and the many brochures at the New York Visitor's and Convention Bureau, as well as NYC newspapers, magazines, and listings of events for the spring.

3. Oral Conference Presentation (650 words) DUE Sunday December 11, 8:30 am - 6:00 pm) Each person will make a 5 minute (650 word) oral presentation based on her/his project at a formal conference held all day.. The report will be handed in, as well as delivered orally. Detailed instructions will be provided closer to the time.

4. Portfolio. Keep a portfolio of all the work you do this semester--reading notes, field notes (for required and recommended activities), short written assignments for class, the project proposal, paper, and oral report. Hand in the complete portfolio, including the oral presentation, on Sunday December 11. Include a brief statement in which you assess your own work for the semester and guide the reader through the portfolio.

Schedule

9/12     Introduction
9/19    The "new" tourist studies
9/26    Ethnographic perspectives
9/30    FRIDAY, 2:30 pm: Janet Cardiff, Her Long Black Hair
10/3    Performance studies perspectives
10/10  Academic holiday:  no class
10/17   Documentation workshop with Rachel Bowditch
             DEADLINE: project proposal
10/23   SUNDAY, 2:00 pm: New York Surveillance Camera Players
10/24  Walking/looking/adventure
10/31  No class
11/7     Heritage
11/13   SUNDAY: Lower East Side Tenement Museum
11/14   History
11/21  Memory
11/28  Nature
12/5    Gastrotourism
12/7    WEDNESDAY: final papers due
12/11  SUNDAY: all-day conference. Portfolio due.
12/12  No class
_____________________________________________________________________________________

9/12  Introduction

READ
MacCannell, Dean. 1999 [1976]. The Tourist. Berkeley: University of Califormia Press.
Bauman, Zygmunt. 1996. From pilgrim to tourist--or a short history of identity. In Questions of cultural identity, eds. Stuart Hall and Paul Du Gay. London, Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage, 18-36.

Reading guidelines: First published in 1976, The Tourist remains a classic work in the field. First, articulate the central argument of the book. Consider the context in which the book was written, in what ways it is dated, and in what ways it continues to have value. Second, identify how chapters 2, 5, 6, and 7 might offer a model for how to analyze tourist productions from a performance perspective--and, if you can, how you might use MacCannell's approach in your own project. What are the limitations of his approach and how might you address them in your own work?

RECOMMENDED
Thorstein Veblen. 1899. The Theory of the Leisure Class.
Simmel, Georg. 1950 [1908]. The stranger. The sociology of Georg Simmel. trans. Kurt Wolff. New York: Free Press.
Simmel, Georg. 1919 [1911]. The adventure. Translated by David Kettler from Das Abenteuer, Philosophische Kultur. Gesammelte Essais, 2nd ed. Leipzig: Alfred Kroner.
Simmel, Georg. 2002. The Metropolis and Mental Life. In The Blackwell City Reader. eds.Gary Bridge and Sophie Watson. 11-19. Oxford: Blackwell.
Franklin, Adrian. 2003. Tourism: an introduction. London ;, Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications.
Cohen, Erik. 1984. The Sociology of Tourism: Approaches, Issues, and Findings. Annual Review of Sociology 10: 373-92.
Cohen, Erik. 1974. Who is a tourist? A conceptual clarification. Sociological Review 22, no. 4: 527-55.
Cohen, Erik. 1985. The tourist guide: the origins, structures, and dynamics of a role. Annals of Tourism Research 12, no. 1: 5-30.
Cohen, Erik. 1979. A phenomenology of tourist experiences. Sociology 13, no. 2: 179-201.
Nash, Dennison. 1981. Tourism as an Anthropological Subject. Current Anthropology 22, no. 5: 461-81.
Crick, Malcolm. 1989. Representations of International Tourism in the Social Sciences: Sun, Sex, Sights, Savings, and Servility. Annual Review of Anthropology 18: 307-44.
Harkin, M. 1995. Modernist Anthropology and the Tourism of the Authentic.Annals of Tourism Research 22: 650-670.
Taylor , John P. 2001. Authenticity and sincerity in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 28, no. 1: 7-26.
MacCannell, Dean. 1973. Staged Authenticity: Arrangements of Social Space in Tourist Settings. American Journal of Sociology 79, no. 3: 589-603.
Adler, Judith. 1989. Origins of sightseeing. Annals of Tourism Research 16, no. 1:7-29.
Berghoff, Hartmut, Christopher Harvie, Barbara Korte, and Ralf Schneider, eds. 2001. The making of modern tourism: the cultural history of the British experience, 1600-2000. London: Macmillan
Black, Jeremy. 1992. The British abroad: the grand tour in the eighteenth century. New York : St. Martin's Press.
Brendon, Piers. 1991. Thomas Cook: 150 years of popular tourism. London : Secker & Warburg.
Chard, Chloe, and Helen Langdon. 1996. Transports travel, pleasure, and imaginative geography, 1600-1830. Studies in British Art, 3. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Boorstin, Daniel. 1964. The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America. New York: Harper Colophon

LINKS
World Tourism Organization,
WTO, Global tourism industry in crisis. October 1, 2001

9/19  The "new" tourist studies

READ
Franklin, Adrian and Michael Crang, The trouble with tourism and travel theory? Tourist Studies 1, no. 1 (2001): 5-22.
Edensor, Tim. Performing tourism, staging tourism,Tourist Studies 1, no. 1 (2001): 59-81.

Reading Guidelines
What is new about the "new" tourist studies? Compare how these authors, including MacCannell's The Tourist, envision tourism as theater and/or performance? Compare them with respect to the kinds of theater/performance they are thinking with? To what extent are differences in their perspective a result of changes in the very nature of tourism itself (or the kinds of tourism they think about) or a result of different or new theoretical approaches? What kinds of research are being called for? What methods are needed? How might your project address the concerns raised in these readings?

For background reading on Performance Studies:
Schechner, Richard. 2002. Performance studies: an introduction. London, New York: Routledge.
TDR The Drama Review: A Journal of Performance Studies Full text available electronically through Project Muse (1999-2003) and Ingenta (1998-2003), through your NYU account.
http://www.nyu.edu/tisch/performance/pages/essays/bkg.html
http://www.nyu.edu/tisch/performance/pages/essays/dianataylor.html

RECOMMENDED
MacCannell, Dean. Tourist agency. Tourist Studies 1,1 (2001): 23-37.
Coleman, Simon, and Mike Crang, eds. 2002. Tourism : between place and performance. New York: Berghahn Books.
Urry, John. 2002. The tourist gaze. 2nd ed. London , Newbury Park : Sage Publications.
Pels, Privileged nomads: on the strangeness of intellectuals and the intellectuality of strangers, Theory, Culture & Society 16, no. 1 (1999): 63-86.
Braidotti, Response to Dick Pels, Theory, Culture & Society 16, no. 1 (1999): 87-93.
Appadurai, Arjun. 1996. Modernity at large: cultural dimensions of globalization. Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota Press.
Rojek, Chris, and John Urry, eds. 1997. Touring Cultures: Transformations of Travel and Theory. London: Routledge.
Hollinshead, Keith. 1998. Tourism, hybridity, and ambiguity: The relevance of Bhabha's 'third space' cultures. Journal of Leisure Research 30, no. 1: 121-56.
Adler, Judith. 1989. Travel as performed art. American Journal of Sociology 94, no. 6: 1366-91.
Edensor, Tim. 2000. Staging tourism: tourists as performers. Annals of Tourism Research 7, no. 2: 322-44.
Edensor, Tim. 2000. Walking in the British Countryside: Reflexivity, Embodied Practices and Ways to Escape. Body & Society 6, no. 3: 81-106.
Edensor, Tim. 1998. Tourists at the Taj: performance and meaning at a symbolic site.. London, New York: Routledge.
Johnston, Lynda. 2001. (Other) bodies and tourism studies. Annals of Tourism Research 28, no. 1: 180-201.
Ryan, Chris, Karen Hughes, and Sharon Chirgwin. 2000. The gaze, spectacle and ecotourism. Annals of Tourism Research 27, no. 1: 148-63.
Oakes, Tim. 1999. Bathing in the Far Village: Globalization, Transnational Capital, and the Cultural Politics of Modernity in China. Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique 7, no. 2: 307-42.
Wood, Robert E. 1998. Touristic ethnicity: a brief itinerary. Ethnic and Racial Studies 21, no. 2: 218-41.
Pollock, Della, ed. 1998. Exceptional spaces: essays in performance and history. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Ben-Ari, Eyal. 1991. Posing, Posturing and Photographic Presences: A Rite of Passage in a Japanese Commuter Village. Man 26, no. 1: 87-104.
Scannell, Paddy. 2001. Authenticity and experience. Discourse Studies 3, 4: 405-411.

9/26  Ethnographic perspectives

Guest: Edward M. Bruner

READ
Bruner, Edward M. 2004. Culture on tour: ethnographies of travel. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, pp. 1-123, 191-252.
Bruner, Edward M. 2005. The role of narrative in tourism. Unpublished conference paper. On Voyage: New Directions in Tourism Theory, Berkeley.

Reading guidelines
Compare MaCannell and the "new" tourism readings with Bruner.
What is the role of performance--as an organizing idea and as an object of analysis--in each body of work?
How do these scholars deal with "narrative," if at all?
How do these scholars address ethical dilemmas in relation to their role in the research?
Where do each of these scholars stand with respect to the exploitation/utopian possibilities of tourism?

9/30 FRIDAY, 2:30 pm: Janet Cardiff, Her Long Black Hair (Public Art Fund)
Meet at 59th St. and 6th Ave. entrance to Central Park.

10/3 Performance Studies perspectives

READ
Lippard, Lucy R. 1999.On the beaten track: tourism, art, and place. New York: New Press.

Reading guidelines:
1.Tease out the range of relationships between art and tourism that Lippard identifies, including convergences and divergences, affinities and conflicts, collaborations and subversions. Then, consider what a "progressive tourism" might look like--tourism that is "responsible, critical, perhaps even satirical." What might the role of artists be in bringing it about? Identify examples in On the Beaten Track that suggest what this kind of tourism might look like. Finally, consider how the art practices the Lippard discusses might be considered "a mode of inquiry" or "performed theory" or "research methods " in their own right, with an eye to how this work might inspire innovative research methods in your own work.
2. Reflect on the Cardiff experience in light of Lippard and what the Cardiff piece might offer to the study of tourism as embodied experience.

RECOMMENDED
Schneider, Arnd. 1993. The Art Diviners. Anthropology Today 9, no. 2: 3-9.
Lippard, Lucy R. 1997. The lure of the local: senses of place in a multicentered society. New York: New Press.
Pearson, Mike, and Michael Shanks. 2001. Theatre/archaeology disciplinary dialogues. London, New York: Routledge.
Pearson, Mike, and Julian Thomas. 1994. Theatre/Archaeology. TDR 38, no. 4: 133-61.
Tomlin, Liz. 1999. Transgressing Boundaries: Postmodern Performance and the Tourist Trap. TDR 43, no. 2: 136-49.
Fusco, Coco. 1994. The Other History of Intercultural Performance. TDR 38, no. 1: 143-67.
Gomez-Pena, Guillermo. 1994. The New World Border: Prophecies for the End of the Century. TDR 38, no. 1: 119-42.
Gomez-Pena, Guillermo, and Christopher Winks. 1996. The Artist as Criminal. TDR 40, no. 1: 112-18.
Taylor, Diana. 1998. A Savage Performance: Guillermo Gomez-Pena and Coco Fusco's "Couple in the Cage". TDR 42, no. 2: 160-175.
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara. 1998. The Ethnographic Burlesque. TDR 42, no. 2: 175-80.
Fusco, Coco. 1998. Fusco Responds to Taylor and Kirshenblatt-Gimblett. TDR 42, no. 4: 10-12.
Fitzpatrick, Robert, ed. 2005. Universal experience: art, life and the tourist's eye. Chicago : Museum of Contemporary Art, DAP.
Egoyan, Atom. 2002. Janet Cardiff. Bomb Magazine (spring).
Biagioli, Monica. 2000. Janet Cardiff: The missing voice (Case Study B: An Audio Walk). ArtFocus 68 (spring).

10/10 Academic holiday: no class

10/17 Documentation workshop with Rachel Bowditch

DEADLINE: Project proposal due. Please incorporate reading responses into the proposal (as indicated below) and post the project proposal to the blog

READ
Pearson, Mike, and Julian Thomas. 1994. Theatre/Archaeology. TDR 38, no. 4: 133-61.
Truesdell, Barbara. Oral History Techniques
Baum, Willa. Tips for Interviewers.
Sample release form #1 , #2 .

Reading guidelines
The proposal (3 pages) should formulate a research question or working hypothesis, briefly describe the specific site that you will analyze, and explain how you will document and analyze the site. Based on the required readings (and anything from the recommended list you find useful), develop a framework for documenting and analyzing your site.

1. Capturing the experience:What experiences (sensory, affective) might be relevant to your project and how will you go about capturing them?
2. Documentation and analysis: How is the experience produced? How is the site produced? How will you document and record your observations of the site? How will you organize and display the information to reveal relationships that might not otherwise be apparent? Possiblities include images, maps, itineraries, schedules, charts, diagrams, and scores. Consider those created by the site itself (or in guidebooks), by those visiting the site, and those you might create yourself.
3. Interviews: Who will you interview? How will you focus and structure the interview?
4. Ephemera, material culture, documents, other sources: What kinds of materials will you collect or search for in existing collections and how will you use them--flyers, brochures, posters, postcards, press, planning documents, etc. How might the history of the site be relevant to your project--the process by which it was created, controversies, how it has changed over time?

What is your plan of work? What you have done so far, what difficulties do you anticipate, and what help do you need? Include a bibliography of relevant theoretical literature as well as previous studies that might serve as a model for your project. Which items in your bibliography have you already read and how do you intend to use them in your project? Check the blog (category: Resources) for suggested readings relevant to various class projects. Provide a tentative outline for the paper. 

RECOMMENDED
Pavis, Patrice. 2003. Analyzing performance: theater, dance, and film. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Geertz, Clifford. 1973. Thick description. The interpretation of cultures: selected essays. 3-30. New York: Basic Books.
Katz, Jack. 2001. From how to why: On luminous description and causal inference in ethnography (Part I). Ethnography 2, no. 4: 443-73.
Katz, Jack. 2002. From how to why: On luminous description and causal inference in ethnography (Part 2). Ethnography 3, no. 1: 63-90.
Weiss, Robert Stuart. 1994. Learning from Strangers: The Art and Method of Qualitative Interview Studies. New York, Toronto/New York: Free Press/Maxwell Macmillan Canada.
Moyer, Judith. 1999. Step-by-step guide to oral history. DoHistory project.
Emerson, Robert M., Rachel I. Fretz, and Linda L. Shaw. 1995. Writing ethnographic fieldnotes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Pearson, Mike, and Michael Shanks. 2001. Theatre/archaeology. London/New York: Routledge.
Breuer, Franz, and Wolff-Michael Roth. 2003. Subjectivity and Reflexivity in the Social Sciences: Epistemic Windows and Methodical Consequences. Forum: Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research 4, no. 2: 30.
Studying community festivals
Caron, Bruce. 2003. Community, Democracy and Performance: The Urban Practice of Kyoto 's Higashi-Kujo Madang. Santa Barbara: The New Media Studio.
Performance Studies Methods syllabus. See especially the sections on interviewing (#1, #2) and participant observation (#1, #2).
Research tools
Online research workshop
Model forms for logging research #1, #2
Isay, David. Sound Portraits Recording Tutorial
transom.org, Radio Journalism Production Tools.
Shelly Luke Willie, Welcome to the Video Guide! The Multimedia Project.
Don Ratcliff, Video and Audio Media in Qualitative Research

10/23 SUNDAY New York Surveillance Camera Players
Meet 2:00 p.m., Washington Square Park, southwest corner.

BROWSE
New York Surveillance Camera Players (especially the video)

10/24  Walking/looking/adventure/dérive

READ
Casey, E. S. 2001. Between Geography and Philosophy: What Does It Mean to Be in the Place-World? Annals of the Association of American Geographers 91, no. 4: 683-93.
s.v. Psychogeography. Wikipedia.
Simmel, Georg. 1919 [1911]. The adventure. Translated by David Kettler from Das Abenteuer, Philosophische Kultur. Gesammelte Essais, 2nd ed. Leipzig: Alfred Kroner.
Brown, Janelle. 2001. Online and underground.salon.com.
Debord, Guy-Ernst. 1955. Introduction to a critique of urban geography. First appeared in Les Lèvres Nues #6 (September).
Debord, Guy-Ernst. 1956. Theory of the dérive. First appeared in Les Lèvres Nues #9 (November) along with accounts of two dérives.
New York Surveillance Camera Players
Institute for Applied Autonomy: See the effects of surveillance on public space. iSee application for Inverse Surveillance and map (iSee Manhattan), which will let you plot your way through the city without being seen by a surveillance camera.

Reading guidelines
While numerous, the readings for this week are very short and touch on a rich set of related issues. Identify those issues. What challenge do they offer to the ways in which tourism has been conceptualized in the readings that we have done to date? How do they (or do they not) bear on your experience of the New York Surveillance Camera Players tour? How might they inform your research project? In responding to the readings, draw on your experience of the New York Surveillance Camera Players as well as your browsing of the links below. Reading response due by Monday morning 9:00 a.m.

BROWSE
[Generative Psychogeography] Project
Walking Exchange, especially Food for Thought
New York City Surveillance Camera Project
Levin, Thomas Y., Ursula Frohne, and Peter Weibel, eds. 2002. CTRL [space]: rhetorics of surveillance from Bentham to big brother. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Exhibition.
Urban Explorations: Infiltration, Zone Tour, Jinx. 

RECOMMENDED
Situationists
Anonymous. 2000. Drifting with the Situationist International. Smut (Smile) 5.
Situationist International.1958. Definitions. Internationale Situationniste #1.
Situationist International. 1958. Preliminary problems in constructing a situation. Internationale Situationniste #1.
Debord, Guy-Ernst. 1961. Perspectives for conscious alterations of everyday life.
Debord, Guy-Ernst. 1956. Methods of détournement. Les Lèvres Nues #8 (May).
Debord, Guy-Ernst. 1967. The society of the spectacle. In French. First appeared in French (Paris: Editions Buchet-Chastel).
Chtcheglov, Ivan [Gilles Ivain].  1953. Formulary for a new urbanism.
Borden, Iain and Sandy McCreery, eds. 2001. New Babylonians: Contemporary visions of a situationist city. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Review.
Thompson, Nato and Gregory Sholette. 2004. The Interventionists: Users' Manual for the Creative Disruption of Everyday Life. Cambridge: Mass.
Surveillance
Foucault, Michel. 1977. Panopticism. In Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison. 195-228. New York: Vintage Levin, Thomas Y., Ursula Frohne, and Peter Weibel, eds. 2002. CTRL [space]: rhetorics of surveillance from Bentham to big brother. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Exhibition.
Hollinshead, Keith. 1999. Surveillance of the worlds of tourism: Foucault and the eye-of-power. Tourist Management 20: 7-23.Books.
Senses
Urry, John. 2002. The tourist gaze:leisure and travel in contemporary societies. 2nd ed. London, Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
Jay, Martin. 1993. Downcast eyes: the denigration of vision in twentieth-century French thought. Berkeley : University of California Press.
Howes, David, ed. 2005. Empire of the senses: the sensual culture reader. Oxford, New York : Berg. See especially the following essays: Consciousness as 'feeling in the body'; Places sensed, senses placed: Towards a sensuous epistemology of environments.
Bull, Michael, and Les Back, eds. 2003. The auditory culture reader. Oxford, New York : Berg. See especially the following essays: A rainforest acoustemology; The sonic composition of the city.
Csordas, Thomas J. 1993. Somatic Modes of Attention. Cultural Anthropology 8, no. 2: 135-56
Walking
Solnit, Rebecca. 2000. Wanderlust: a history of walking. New York: Viking.
Macnaghten, Phil, and John Urry, eds. 2001. Bodies of nature. London: Thousand Oaks, Calif. : SAGE Publications.
Anderson, J. 2004. Talking whilst walking: a geographical archaeology of knowledge. Area 36.3:254-261.
Chatwin, Bruce. 1987. The songlines. London : Cape.
Buck-Morss, Susan. 1986. The Flaneur, the Sandwichman and the Whore: The Politics of Loitering. New German Critique, no. 39: 99-140.
de Certeau, Michel. 1984. Walking in the City.The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Careri, Francesco. 2002. Walkscapes: walking as an aesthetic practice. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gilli, SA.
Drobnick, Jim. 1995. Mock Excursions and Twisted Itineraries: Tour Guide Performances. Parachute 80 (October/December): 31-37.
Nhat Hanh, Thich. 1996. The long road turns to joy: a guide to walking meditation. Berkeley, Calif.: Parallax Press.
Walking in Place blog.
New York Songlines: Virtual Walking Tours of Manhattan Streets.
Space
Simonsen, K. 2005. Bodies, Sensations, Space and Time: The Contribution from Henri Lefebvre. Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography 87B, no. 1: 1-14.
Casey, E. S. 2001. Between Geography and Philosophy: What Does It Mean to Be in the Place-World? Annals of the Association of American Geographers 91, no. 4: 683-93.
Psychogeography
Foucault, Michel. 1967. Of other spaces (1967), heterotopias.
Sinclair, Ian. 1997. Skating on thin eyes; the first walk. Lights out for the territory: 9 excursions in the secret history of London. London: Granta.
[Generative Psychogeography] Project
Hou Je Bek, Wilfried. 2004. Do-It-Yourself Urbanism: Psychogeography, Generosity, Serendipity and Turriphilia. Archilab Catalogue
Cities
Simmel, Georg. 2002. The Metropolis and Mental Life. In The Blackwell City Reader. eds.Gary Bridge and Sophie Watson. 11-19. Oxford: Blackwell.
Simmel, Georg. 1950 [1908]. The stranger. The sociology of Georg Simmel. trans. Kurt Wolff. New York: Free Press.
Brecht, Berolt. 1964. The Street Scene: A Basic Model for an Epic Theatre," Brecht on Theatre: The Development of an Aesthetic. Ed. and trans., John Willett. New York: Hill and Wang.
Artists
Horoder, Stuart, and Judith Richards. 2002. Walk ways. New York: Independent Curators International.
Cardiff, Janet. 2005. The walk book. Koln: Verlag Der Buchhandlung Walther Konig.
Cardiff, Jane. 1999. The Missing Voice: case study b. London: Artangel.
Brennan, Tim. Manoeuvre.
Jie Lu, The Long March
networked_performance
Blast Theory
CTRL [space] exhibition: artists

10/31 No class

11/7 Heritage: UNESCO/WIPO
              Guest: Valdimar Tr. Hafstein

READ
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara. 1998. Destination museum. Destination culture: tourism, museums, and heritage. 131-176. Berkeley: University of California Press.
U.S. Dept. of Retro Warns: "We may be running out of past." The Onion.
UNESCO. 2003. Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (MISC/2003/CLT/CH/14P)
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara. 2003. World Heritage and Cultural Economics. In Museum Frictions (forthcoming).
WIPO. 2004. The protection of traditional cultural expressions/expressions of folklore: overview of policy objectives and core principles (WIPO/GRTKF/IC/7/3).
Hafstein, Valdemar Tr. 2004. The politics of origin: collective creation revisited. Journal of American Folklore 117, 465: 300-315. (Recommended: rejoinder by J. Sanford Rikoon. 2004. On the Politics of the Politics of Origins: Social (In)Justice and the International Agenda on Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore, Journal of American Folklore 117, 465: 325-336.)
Feld, Steven. 2000. A Sweet Lullaby for World Music. Public Culture 12, 1:145–171.
Shand, Peter. 2002. Scenes from the Colonial Catwalk: Cultural Appropriation, Intellectual Property Rights, and Fashion. Cultural Analysis 3:47–88.

Reading Guidelines
Given the richness of this topic, the readings and websites to browse for this week are extensive and two weeks have been allowed for this assignment.
1. Identify the various ways in which "heritage" is conceptualized in the readings and websites.
2. What is the relationship of each conceptualization of heritage to a particular policy, program, instrument, or action taken in its name?
3. Closely examine one example from the websites below in terms of issues raised by the readings.
4. How might the readings for this week inform your project?

BROWSE
UNESCO:
Intangible Heritage; Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity; Living Human Treasures, and their guidelines; Guide for the presentation of candidature files, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, 2001; Multinational candidature file: Tradition and Symbolism of the Song and Dance Celebration Process in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
The Silk Road: Connecting Cultures, Creating Trust, 36th Annual Smithsonian Folklife Festival, 2002. Festival map
Yo Yo Ma's The Silk Road Project, Inc.
UNESCO The Silk Roads
Brown, Michael F. 2003. Companion website for Who Owns Native Culture? Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

RECOMMENDED
s.v. Heritage, Tradition, Folklore, Culture, Civilization, Nation. Oxford English Dictionary.

Culture
Williams, Raymond. 1983. See entries for Civilization, Culture, Tradition, History, Generation, Ordinary, Racial, Sensibility. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. rev. ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kroeber, A. L, and Clyde Kluckhohn. 1963. Culture: a critical review of concepts and definitions. 1st ed. New York: Vintage Books.
Hobsbawm, Eric, and Terence Ranger, eds. 1983. Introduction. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1-14.
Peck, Janice. 2001. Itinerary of a Thought: Stuart Hall, Cultural Studies, and the Unresolved Problem of the Relation of Culture to "Not Culture". Cultural Critique 48, no. 1: 200-249.
Wang, Jing. 2001. Culture As Leisure and Culture As Capital. Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique 9, no. 1: 69-104.
Geschiere, Peter, and Francis Nyamnjoh. 2000. Capitalism and Autochthony: The Seesaw of Mobility and Belonging. Public Culture 12, no. 2: 423-52.
Yudice, George. 2001 in press. Stakeholders in cultural policy-making. In Cultural policy formulations and reviews: a resource handbook. Unesco.

Tradition
Ranger, Terence. 1993. The invention of tradition revisted: the case of colonial Africa. Legitimacy and the state in twentieth-century Africa: essays in honour of A.H.M. Kirk-Greene. eds A. H. M Kirk-Greene, T. O Ranger, and Olufemi Vaughan, 62-111. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, in association with St. Antony's College, Oxford.
Haym Soloveitchik, "Rupture and Reconstruction: the Transformation of Contemporary Orthodoxy," Tradition 28, no. 4 (1994): 64-130.
Haley, Brian D., and Larry R. Wilcoxon. 1997. Anthropology and the Making of Chumash Tradition. Current Anthropology 38, no. 5: 761-94.
Little, Walter E. 2000. Home as a place of exhibition and performance: Mayan household transformations in Guatemala. Ethnology 39, no. 2: 163-81.

Heritage
UNESCO: Intangible Heritage; World Heritage and World Heritage Committee; Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity; Global Heritage Pavilion; Culture, Trade, and Globalisation; Cultural Tourism; Memory of the World Programme.
UNESCO World Heritage Site: Fez. Video.
UNESCO: Jemaa el-Fna square in front of the Medina in Marrakesh: description, justification, slideshow ("diaporama"), and short video.
Museum International 56, 1-2 (2004): articles by Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Kurin, Wendland, Bedjaoui, and Aikawa..
The Courier (UNESCO), special issue--Tourism and Culture: Rethinking the Mix. July/August 1999.
World Bank: Heritage Economics; Culture in Sustainable Development; Environment Economics and Indicators
Policies ( Key documents from UNESCO, ICOM, and others)--site initiated by World Bank in cooperation with others.
Advisory Committee on Quebec's Cultural Heritage Policy. 2000. Our heritage, A present from the past.
South Africa: White Paper on Arts, Culture and Heritage; National Heritage Resources Act (1999); Tourism White Paper (1996).
Pagiola, Stefano. 1996. Economic analysis of investments in cultural heritage: insights from environmental economics. Evironment Department, World Bank.
Ecosystem Valuation
Palestinian intangible heritage
McAlister, Melani. 1996. "The Common Heritage of Mankind": Race, Nation, and Masculinity in the King Tut Exhibit. Representations 54, no. spring: 80-104.
Buggey, Susan. 2000. An Approach to Aboriginal Cultural Landscapes. Hull, Quebec: Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada, Parks Canada.
Modern Heritage in Aomori Prefecture
Weisenfeld, Gennifer S. 2000. Touring Japan-as-Museum: NIPPON and Other Japanese Imperialist Travelogues. Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique 8, no. 3: 747-93.
Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2000.The power of culture: The cultural element in development. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Public Information.
AlSayyad, Nezar. 2001. Consuming tradition, manufacturing heritage: global norms and urban forms in the age of tourism. London, New York: Routledge.
Hevia, James Louis. 2001. World Heritage, National Culture, and the Restoration of Chengde. Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique 9, no. 1: 219-43.
McIntosh, A., and R. P. Prentice. 1999. Affirming authenticity: consuming cultural heritage. Annals of Tourism Research 26, no. 3: 589-612.
Krystal, Matthew. 2000. Cultural revitalization and tourism at the Moreria Nima' K'iche'. Ethnology 39, no. 2: 149-61.
Bendix, Regina. 1989. Tourism and cultural display: inventing traditions for whom? Journal of American Folklore 102: 131-46.
Murphy, Cullen. September 2001.Innocent Bystander: Immaterial Civilization. The Atlantic MonthlyMurphy, Cullen. September 2001.Innocent Bystander: Immaterial Civilization. The Atlantic Monthly.
UNESCO´s website: 2004. Preliminary Draft Convention on the Protection of the Diversity of Cultural Contents and Artistic Expressions. UNESCO´s 2004 revised draft.

Nationalism
Billig, Michael. 1995. Banal nationalism. London, Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage.
Balibar, Etienne, and Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein. 1991. Race, nation, class: ambiguous identities. London and New York : Verso.
Guibernau i Berdn, M. Montserrat, and John Hutchinson. 2001. Understanding nationalism. Cambridge, Malden, MA: Polity. Blackwell.
Handler, Richard. 1984. On Sociocultural Discontinuity: Nationalism and Cultural Objectification in Quebec. Current Anthropology 25, no. 1: 55-71.
Hutchinson, John, and Anthony D Smith. 2000. Nationalism: critical concepts in political science. London, New York: Routledge.
Smith, Anthony D. 1993. The nation: invented, imagined, reconstructed. Reimagining the nation. eds Marjorie Ringrose, and Adam J Lerner. Buckingham, Philadelphia: Open University Press.

Cultural Performance
Taylor, Diana. 2003. Acts of Transfer. The Archive and the Repertoire. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 1-52.
Kurin, Richard. 1995. Cultural policy through public display. Journal of Popular Culture 29, no. 1: 2-14.
Kurin, Richard. 1997. Reflections of a Culture Broker: A View From the Smithsonian. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Bauman, Richard, Patricia Sawin, and Inta Gale Carpenter. 1992. Reflections on the Folklife Festival: An Ethnography of Participant Experience. Special Publications, 2. Bloomington: Folklore Institute, Indiana University.
Bossen, Claus. 2000. Festival Mania, Tourism and Nation-Building in Fiji: The Case of the Hibiscus Festival,1956-1970. The Contemporary Pacific 12, no. 1: 123-54.
Scher, Philip W. Copyright Heritage: Preservation, Carnival and the State in Trinidad. Anthropological Quarterly 75, 3 (2002): 453-484.
Cantwell, Robert. 1993. Ethnomimesis: folklife and the representation of culture. Chapel Hil : University of North Carolina Press.
Daniel, Yvonne Payne. 1996. Tourism dance performances: Authenticity and Creativity. Annals of Tourism Research 23, no. 4: 780-797.
Palmer, G., and W. Jankowiak. 1996. Performance and imagination: toward an anthropology of the spectacular and the mundane. Cultural Anthropology 11, no. 2: 225-58.
Ben-Ari, Eyal. 1991. Posing, Posturing and Photographic Presences: A Rite of Passage in a Japanese Commuter Village. Man new series 26, no. 1: 87-104. Notes: impact of visual images on performance of heritage--visual anthropology
Sansom, Jane A. 2001. Appropriating Social Energy: The Generation, Accumulation, and Conversion of Capital in the Performance of the Anastenaria . Journal of Modern Greek Studies 19, no. 1: 143-68.

11/13   SUNDAY: Lower East Side Tenement Museum

READ
Lower East Side Tenement Museum Encyclopedia
Lower East Side Tenement Museum Educator Training Program

11/14 History

READ
Handler, Richard, and Eric Gable. 1997. The New History in an Old Museum: Creating the Past at Colonial Williamsburg. Durham: Duke University Press, pp. 3-124,170-208.
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, 1998. Ellis Island and Plimoth Plantation. Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 177-187 and 189-200.
Lower East Side Tenement Museum Encyclopedia
Lower East Side Tenement Museum Educator Training Program

Reading Guidelines
1. Read The New History in an Old Museum for method. How do they focus and structure their observations and how do they analyze what they observed? How might their way of working inform your approach to research for your project?
2. Report on the Lower East Tenement Museum experience in light of the readings on Ellis Island, Plimoth Plantation, and Colonial Williamsburg, and in light of their LES encyclopedia and educator training program?

BROWSE
Lower East Tenement Museum, A National Treasure, The Virtual Tour
Lower East Side: Mediating Religious Travel, Working Group on Jews, Media, and Religion, Center for Religion and Media, NYU.

VISIT
Lower East Side Tenement Museum --regular tour plus Confino tour. Details to come.

RESOURCES
Public History bibliography

RECOMMENDED
Wenger, Beth S. 1997. Memory as Identity: The Invention of the Lower East Side . American Jewish History 85, no. 1: 3-27.
Snow, Stephen Eddy. 1993. Performing the Pilgrims: A Study of Ethnohistorical Role-Playing at Plimoth Plantation. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
Roth, Stacy Flora. 1998. Past into present: effective techniques for first-person historical interpretation. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Halewood, Chris, and Kevin Hannam. 2001. Viking heritage tourism: Authenticity and Commodification. Annals of Tourism Research 28, no. 3: 565-80.
Huyssen, Andreas. 2000. Present Pasts: Media, Politics, Amnesia. Public Culture 12, no. 1: 21-38 .
Dening, Greg. 1996. Performances. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Jackson, Anthony. 2000. Inter-acting with the past: -the use of participatory theatre at museums and heritage sites. Research in Drama Education 5, no. 2: 199-215.
Jackson, Shannon. 1996. Civic Play-Housekeeping: Gender, Theatre and American Reform. Theatre Journal 48, 3: 337-361.
Jackson, Shannon. 2000. Lines of Activity: Performance, Historiography, Hull-House Domesticity. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. See Jane Addams Hull-House Museum.
Janiskee, Robert L. 1996. Historic houses and special events. Annals of Tourism Research 23, no. 2: 398-414.
Jansen-Verbeke, Myriam. 1998. Tourismification of Historical Cities. Annals of Tourism Research 25, no. 3: 739-42.
Layton, Robert, ed. 1989. Conflict in the archaeology of living traditions. One World Archaeology, 8. London, Boston: Unwin Hyman.
Leon, Warren, and Roy Rosenzweig, eds. 1989. History museums in the United States: a critical assessment. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Pearson, Mike, and Michael Shanks. 2001. Theatre/archaeology disciplinary dialogues. London, New York: Routledge.
Pollock, Della, ed. 1998. Exceptional spaces: essays in performance and history. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

11/21 Memory

READ
Ševčenko, Liz. 2002. Activating the past for civic action: The International Coalition of Historic Site Museums of Conscience. The George Wright Forum 19, 4: 55-64.
Till, Karen E. 2005. Memory in the new Berlin. The new Berlin: memory, politics, place. 193-228. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press.
Sherman, Daniel J. 1994. Art, Commerce, and the Production of Memory in France after World War I. In Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity, ed. John R Gillis. 186-211. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Williams, Paul. 2004. Witnessing Genocide: Vigilance and Remembrance at Tuol Sleng and Choeung Ek. Holocaust and Genocide Studies 18, 2: .234-54.
Holocaust movie tourism. Modiya: Jews, Media, and Religion, including Schindler's List tours and artists' responses.

Reading Guidelines
1. What are the various ways in which these readings--and the sites they analyze--configure the relationship between memory and history?
2. In what ways can the sites discussed in the readings (and at least one site from among those you browsed) be said to be performative?
3. Where is the efficacy of these sites located? Or, to what may their efficacy--to the extent that they can be said to be efficacious--be attributed?
4. What makes these sites controversial? How do these sites deal with controversy?
5. How do the approaches to memorialization addressed in the readings and sites you browsed differ from one another? Why? Consider, for example, the history of memorials (Sherman), national differences, nature of the events themselves, whose story is being told, the actual site, presence/absence of relics and/or bodies, kinds of media/mediations (or relative lack thereof), and culturally specific commemorative practices.
6. How does tourism figure in relation to these sites? How do these sites position the "tourist"? What are the protocols for "touring" such sites? How do they vary from one site to another?
7. In what ways has the Holocaust and its memorialization become paradigmatic for memorializing other traumas? To what extent can existing models, like Holocaust memorials, still provide guidelines for memorializing such  recent catastrophes as the attack on the World Trade Towers, the genocides in Darfur and Rwanda, the tsunami and Hurricane Katrina, the terrorist attacks in Madrid and London? And such historical ones as slavery.

BROWSE
International Coalition of Historic Site Museums of Conscience
USA:  Animating Democracy; Facing History, Facing Ourselves
AFRICA: District Six Museum; Robbin Island; Virtual tour of Goree Island, Dakar, Senegal and Guided Video Visit of the house of slaves; Goree Memorial and Museum; UNESCO Slave Route Project; 2004 International Year to Commemorate the Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition (UNESCO).
JEWISH: Birthright Israel; Mayonot Birthright Israel; The Israel Experience; March of the Living; March of the Living International; Yad Vashem: The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority; Auschwitz.
JAPAN: Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum

RECOMMENDED
Ashworth, G. J, and Rudi Hartmann, eds. 2005. Horror and human tragedy revisited: the management of sites of atrocities for tourism. New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation.
Antze, Paul, and Michael Lambek, eds. 1996. Tense past: cultural essays in trauma and memory. New York: Routledge.
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara. 2003. Kodak moments, flashbulb memories. TDR The Drama Review 47, 1:11-48.
Coombes, Annie E. 2003. History after apartheid: visual culture and public memory in a democratic South Africa. Durham : Duke University Press.
Thelen, David. A participatory historical culture. The presence of the past: popular uses of history in American life. New York: Columbia University Press.
Keil, Chris. 2005. Sightseeing in the mansions of the dead. Social and Cultural Geography 6, 4: 479-94.
Nora, Pierre. 1989. Between memory and history: Les lieux de memoires. Representations 26: 7-24.
Roth, Michael S. 1989. Remembering forgetting: maladies de la memoire in nineteenth-century France. Representations 26, no. spring: 49-68.
Huyssen, Andreas. 2000. Present Pasts: Media, Politics, Amnesia. Public Culture 12, no. 1: 21-38 .
Huyssen, Andreas. 1995. Twilight memories : marking time in a culture of amnesia. New York : Routledge.
Huyssen, Andreas. 2003. Present pasts: urban palimpsests and the politics of memory. Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press.
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara.2001. Learning from Ethnography: Reflections on the Nature and Efficacy of Youth Tours to Israel. In The Israel Experience: Studies in Youth Travel and Jewish Identity. Jerusalem: Melton Center.
Stier, Oren Baruch. 2003. Committed to memory: cultural mediations of the Holocaust. Amherst/ Boston : University of Massachusetts Press.
Gruber, Ruth Ellen. 2002. Virtually Jewish : reinventing Jewish culture in Europe. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Slyomovics, Susan. 1998. The object of memory: Arab and Jew narrate the Palestinian village. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Katriel, Tamar. 1997. Performing the Past: A Study of Israeli Settlement Museums. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Katriel, Tamar. 1994. Sites of memory: discourses of the past in Israeli pioneering settlement museums. The Quarterly Journal of Speech 80 (1): 1-20.
Bal, Mieke. 2001. Memory acts: performing subjectivity. Boijmans Bulletin 1, no. 2.
Barton, Craig Evan. 2000. Sites of memory: Perspectives on Architecture and Race. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.
Geary, Patrick J. 1994. Phantoms of remembrance: memory and oblivion at the end of the first millennium. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.
Takahashi, Yuichiro. 2004. Exhibiting the past: The Japanese National War Museum and the construction of collective memory. In Alternatives: Debating theatre culture in the age of con-fusion, edited by Peter Eckersall, Uchino Tadashi, and Moriyama Naoto.127-141. Brussels: Peter Lang.
Smith, Kerry. 2002. The Shôwa Hall: Memorializing Japan's War at Home. The Public Historian 24, no. 4: 35-64.
Jeans, Roger B. 2005. Victims or Victimizers? Museums, Textbooks, and the War Debate in Contemporary Japan. The Journal of Military History 69.1: 149-195

11/28 Nature

READ
Davis, Susan G. 1997. Spectacular Nature: Corporate Culture and the Sea World Experience. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Reading guidelines
1. What, if anything, distinguishes a for-profit tourist production such as Sea World from the non-profit ones that we have been studying (Colonial Williamsburg and Lower East Side Tenement Museum, for example)?
2. What do you make of the animal performances at Sea World? What notion(s) of performance might be useful for analyzing such animal displays?
3. Read for method, especially in chapters 3, 5, 6. How and what did Davis observe? How does she present and analyze her evidence? How does she argue her case? How might you use her techniques?

RECOMMENDED
Desmond, Jane. 1999. Staging tourism bodies on display from Waikiki to Sea World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Eco, Umberto. 1986. Travels in hyperreality: essays. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Sorkin, Michael. 1992. Variations on a theme park: the new American city and the end of public space. New York: Noonday Press.
Gottdiener, Mark. 2001. The theming of America: dreams, media fantasies, and themed environments. 2nd ed. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Braun, Bradley M., and Mark D. Soskin. 1999. Theme Park: Competitive Strategies. Annals of Tourism Research 26, no. 2: 438-42.
Griffin, Sean. 2000. Tinker Belles and evil queens: the Walt Disney Company from the inside out. New York: New York University Press.
Foglesong, Richard E. 2001. Married to the mouse: Walt Disney World and Orlando. New Haven Conn.: Yale University Press.
Imagineers (Group), and Walt Disney Company. 1996. Walt Disney imagineering: a behind the dreams look at making the magic real. 1st ed ed. New York: Hyperion.
Project on Disney. 1995. Inside the Mouse: Work and Play at Disney World. Durham: Duke University Press.
Marling, Karal Ann. 1997. Designing Disney's theme parks the architecture of reassurance. Montréal, Paris, New York: Canadian Centre for Architecture. Flammarion.
Wilson, Alexander. 1992. The culture of nature: North American landscape from Disney to the Exxon Valdez. Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell.
Smoodin, Eric, ed. 1994. Disney Discourse: Producing the Magic Kingdom. New York: Routledge.
Zukin, Sharon. 1991. Landscapes of power: from Detroit to Disney World. Berkeley: University of California Press.

12/5 Gastrotourism

READ
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara. 2003. Foreword, Culinary Tourism, ed. Lucy Long. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
Pollan, Michael. 2003. Cruising on the ark of taste. Mother Jones 28, 3: 74.

Reading guidlines

BROWSE
International Culinary Tourism Association
Slow Food
Slow Food USA

RECOMMENDED
Pollan, Michael. 2001. "The Apple," The Botany of Desire: A Plant's Eye View of the World (New York: Random House), pp. 3-58.
Tomasik, Timothy J. 2001. Certeau à la Carte: Translating Discursive Terroir in The Practice of Everyday Life: Living and Cooking. The South Atlantic Quarterly 100, 2:519-542.
Wilson, James E. 1999. Terroir: the role of geology, climate, and culture in the making of French wines. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Hughes, George. 1995. Authenticity in Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 22, no. 4: 781-803.
Telfer, David J., and Geoffrey Wall. 1996. Linkages between tourism and food production. Annals of Tourism Research 23, no. 3: 635-53.
Bell, David, and Gill Valentine. 1997. Consuming Geographies: We Are Where We Eat. New York: Routledge.
Ferguson, Priscilla Parkhurst. 1998. A Cultural Field in the Making: Gastronomy in 19th-Century France. American Journal of Sociology 104, no. 3: 597-641.
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara. 1999. Playing to the Senses: Food as a Performance Medium, Performance Research 4, 1 (1999): 1-30.
Zukin, Sharon. 1995. Artists and Immigrants in New York City Restaurants. The Culture of Cities (Blackwell, 1995).
Staub, Shalom. 1981. The Near East Restaurant: A Study of the Spatial Manifestation of the Folklore of Ethnicity. New York Folklore Quarterly Vol. 7, Nos. 1-2, Summer 1981, 113-127. Also the restaurant chapter in his book, Yemenis in New York City: The Folklore of Ethnicity. Philadelphia: Balch, 1989.
Watson, James L., ed. 1998. Golden Arches East: McDonald's in East Asia. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.

12/7 WEDNESDAY Final papers due.

12/11 SUNDAY All-day conference. Portfolio due.

12/12 No class

Updated 11/16/05